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A hybrid ANN-Lagrangian relaxation approach for generating unit commitment , and for the disadvantages of BP algorithm, a new conjugate gradient algorithm without line searches is used to speed up convergemce.

混合ANN和Lagrange松弛法用于解机组最优投入问题，并针对BP算法不足，利用一种不用精确搜索的共扼梯度训练算法，加速了网络的收敛。

Thereafter a particular tool for communicating --"cyber language" creeps up among netizens, for the sake of the high speed of communication on line, netizens inclination of pursuing novelty and distinction and other factors.

由于网上交际的高速度，网民求新、求异的心理以及其他方面的因素，网民之间出现了一种不同于日常应用着的交际工具----网络语言。

The precision of a new project for measuring the wheelset geometric parameters is studied once again in this paper. First, the wheelset is fixed and rotated by the device used in vehicle depot as usual. Second, the center line of wheelset axis is determined by a device called axis-center probe. Last, the acting device for sensor can draw a whole felloe profile, which is made up of parallel-pole device and rotating-probe.

本文研究一种新的非接触测量方法的精度，测量方法的核心是：采用车辆段普遍使用的转轮器实现被测轮对的粗定位；采用车轴基准探尺确定被测轮对的轴线；采用并联式伸缩机构和旋转测头座，带动电涡流位移传感器扫描车轮外形轮廓线，得到相关参数。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

Strong academic background and qualifications of our professional consulting team include: Professor Gao Xiao, such as Beijing University, Tsinghua, returned overseas doctor, the first line of research, linguistics experts; Translation U.S. Team member include: Ph.D., English professional certificate 8 winner , Translation Certificate winner, senior technical translation, native-speaking English Edit diversified professional configuration, effective working team we are fully aware of each translation team linguistic characteristics of staff, as well as strengths and weaknesses; we start to build from the language of professional translator to communicate the evaluation system; We accept various professional translators, and the course of a project carried out simultaneously for translators personalized training; rich experience, and meticulous work style and thoughtful follow-up services in various fields to grasp the terminology and the variety of language structure , and then effectively organized into authentic language; meticulous scrutiny usually made for our customers seriously and deeply moved; not only the commitment to your high-quality manuscripts, but also to use our Services to make you believe that trustworthy

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The differential system and pulse polarity discriminating system is improved and the hardware are made which is adaptive for the on-line detection system. The pulse polarity can offer control signal for follow-up sampling unit to do some signal digital processing.

并应用改进的差动平衡法和极性鉴别法研制了抗干扰系统，实验证实该抗干扰系统提高了整个检测系统的抗干扰能力，有利于后续系统对信号做进一步的处理。

By Setting up mathematics model it shows the large-scale container ship economy and diseconomy for size; and specialize many influential restrict factors for larger container ship; then it explains the structure type of the regular ship line in detail.

接下来阐述了班轮航线的结构类型，对运输航线设置特点及遵循原则进行阐述，而且对大船配大线原则也做了详细证明。

And yet the Lord was not doubtful of Peter's love, for each time He followed up His question with a fresh Apostle commission; but now that He put it for the third time, Peter would have the Lord send down the sounding-line quite into the lowest deep of this heart:'Lord, Thou knowest all things, Thou perceivest that I love Thee!

然而，耶和华也不怀疑彼得的爱情，每一次他跟进他的问题一个新的使徒委员会，但现在，他把它为第三次，彼得将有主传送下来，冠冕堂皇的线相当纳入最低的深部，这心：'主啊，你knowest所有的东西，你perceivest ，我爱你！

Considering the spectrometer with an array detector,a Gaussian-shaped calibration spectral line's integral sampling model is set up.The condition on which the peak position changes upon the impact of the detector spectral response is studied.And the limitation for the detector spectral response not to shift the peak position to another pixel is given.The limitation's mathematical expression for a spectrometer with a grating is deduced.

为此，针对采用阵列探测器的光谱仪器，建立了以高斯线型为标定谱线轮廓的模型，分析了谱线在探测器上经光谱响应调制及积分抽样后峰值位置发生移动的情况，给出了保证在峰值位置不偏移的情况下探测器光谱响应需满足的条件，特别给出了当仪器分光元件为光栅时，在该条件下结合仪器参数的表达式。

I need not stand in a line for the bus,for i got up at the first stop.

我用不着排队等公共汽车。我在首发站上车。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。