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In mammals the Notch gene family comprise four related genes, Notch1-4, as the Notch ligands that encode transmembrane proteins. Ligand-receptor interaction mediated Notch activation ultimately leads to the conversion of effectors-CSL CBF1, Su(H, Lag-1 proteins, from repressors to transcriptional activators, and subsequent up-regulation of downstream targets.

在哺乳动物中，Notch基因家族包含了4个相关的基因，分别为Notch-1至-4，和Notch受质蛋白一样能被转译成膜蛋白；受质-受体间相互作用所引起Notch受体蛋白的活化会促使作用蛋白-CSL CBF1， Su(H， Lag-1 蛋白扮演抑制分子或者是转录活化分子上的角色改变，并且进一步地正向调节下游的标的基因。

The experiment results indicate that higher phase splitting speed and extraction factor can be achieved when low-carbon alcohols such as n-butanol are used as organic solvents; by using five different N-carbobenzyloxy-L-amino acids as chiral ligands that are formated with Cu(superscript 2+) or Ni(superscript 2+), it is found that as a ligand, Z-Phe has a low extraction factor, while Z-Hyp, Z-Pro, Z-Glu, Z-Val have higher extraction factors, and among these, Z-Val has the highest distribution coefficient; pH value of extractant, when near to the PI of phenylalanine, helps to improve extraction resolution effect; temperature has no obvious effect on the resolution result.

结果表明：以低碳醇类正丁醇作有机稀释剂，所用5种N-苄氧羰基氨基酸（分别为Z-Phe、Z-Hyp、Z-Pro、Z-Glu、Z-Val）与Cu(上标 2+)或Ni(上标 2+)形成手性配位体后，以Z-Val作手性配体，萃取相pH值接近苯丙氨酸等电点时，萃取拆分效果最佳。

Traditionally, organo phosphines are used as the ligands to modify the catalytic properties of palladium complexes.

传统上，使用膦化合物为配体来调整催化活性及选择性。

Analyses of spectroscopic and crystal structural data of iridium complexesIr(PR3)Cl and the Vaska's complex reveal that NHC ligands and phosphines have a similar donating ability toward Ir metal center.

并且从光谱分析及晶体结构数据发现[Ir(PR3)Cl]的错合物与Vaska's 错合物相当类似。因此，我们推论其含氮杂环碳烯与膦化物在ㄧ价铱金属上有相似的配位能力。

Our research included four parts: design and synthesis of amine oximes and other compounds as ligands, label them with 〓Tc〓, assessment of their biological activities in vitro and in vivo, and preparation of 〓 kit for clinic use.

研究工作主要包括合成作为配体的〓及其类似物，制备其〓Tc〓标记物，进行乏氧细胞实验和荷瘤动物实验，考察它们在肿瘤细胞中的吸收与体系乏氧的关系，以及在不同荷瘤动物模型中的放射性分布和显像情况。

Chapter two is concerned with the syntheses and characterization of some chiral ligands and consists of relevant mechanism of reaction( for example, N anion acts as nucleophilic reagent and different nitriles act as reacting substance).

第二章讨论了若干手性配体的合成与结构，并包含了相关反应的机理探讨(例如N~-做为亲核试剂、不同的腈作为反应底物)。

The central 5, 5'-disubstituted bipyridine units of each ligand coordinate theNi or Fe ion, while all the terminal 6-monosubstituted bipyridine units of the ligands keep free of coordination, as the result trinuclear triple-stranded helicate 〓 can not form. This is considered to be caused by the steric hindrance of the methylene substituents α to the chelating nitrogens of the terminal bipyridine units and the strain caused by linkage mode.

配体L〓与Ag作用得到〓，两个配体链相互缠绕着两个Ag离子周围形成双股螺旋结构并以头尾式排列(见图3)，由于配体中位于配位N原子α或β位的末端甲基或次甲基取代基的空间位阻阻碍了头对头式异构体的形成，也正是由于配体头尾式排列而使Ag双股螺旋得以形成，这一结果表明该螺旋体的组装过程中自发地采取了空间阻碍尽可能小的那个构型。

The regularities of the substitution effects of the electron-pushing group and the electron- withdrawing group on the electronic structures and the related properties of the complexes, e.g. the energies and the compositions of some frontier molecular orbitals, the spectroscopy properties, the atomic net charge populations on main ligands, the coordination-bond lengths and the coordination-bond angles of the complexes, etc. have been investigated.

探讨供电子基团和拉电子基团在主配体上的取代对配合物的电子结构及相关性质，如配合物前沿分子轨道的能量、组成、光谱性质、原子的净电荷布居及配位键长键角等的影响规律。

It is reviewed the applications of Betti base and its derivatives as chiral ligands in asymmetric synthesis, chiral auxiliary synthesis and resolution.

本文综述了近年来Betti碱及其衍生物在不对称合成、手性辅助合成以及拆分中的应用，并对未来Betti碱及其衍生物的应用作了展望。

The thesis here described the chiral resolution of Betti Base and the synthesis of their derivatives, as well as their applications as chiral ligands in asymmetric synthesis.

本文选择了Betti碱及其手性衍生物为研究目标，完成了Betti碱的拆分、手性配体结构的合成，以及它们在催化不对称合成中的初步应用。第一章主要解决了Betti碱1的拆分问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。