查询词典 liability company

My paper is divided into three parts, firstly, introduces one — Person company in basic theory, including its conception, characteristics, dividends and relevant terms in other countries; Secondly, illustrates China should establish one — Person company system, discusses rationality to admit one-Person comPany from theoretical and practical sides, Points out group is not the essence of legal Person, mass organization as Legal Person is a legal Person based on Person; capital credit is the essence of a company, and one-Person company can also have it; limited liability of shareholders does not depend on detachedness of ownership and management, admitting one investor enjoy limited liability will not damage creditors' profits that much.

本文分为三部分，第一部分是一人公司理论与立法概要，主要介绍一人公司的概念、特征、类别及各国的立法例；第二部分全面论述我国应建立一人公司制度，首先，论述全面建立一人公司的理论依据，提出了团体性不是法人的本质特征，社团法人是以人为基础的法人；资本信用是公司的本质特征，一人公司可以具备资本信用；有限责任的基础不是所有权与经营权的分离，允许一人投资者享有有限责任并非对公司债权人极为不利的观点；接着论述全面建立一人公司的实践依据；最后进一步分析我国全面建立一人公司制度的必要性。

Through analysis and arrangement, the main points are listed as the following: First, the rule of power allocation of corporate organs related to compulsive rules should be directly manipulated under law, and those related to "autonomy of will" should be dealt with constitution mandated by the conference of shareholders, which should be stated clearly by law; Second, referring to the content of power allocation of corporate organs, the due difference allocation should be made for limited liability companies and joint stock limited liability companies respectively; Third, the law should confirm the theoretical and practical significance of the expansion of powers of the board of directors, which means division and re-arrangement of the company's powers; Forth, legislation should limit the dominant shareholders' rights in order to secure the automatic ability of company and improve the environment of corporate governance.

本文通过分析整理，得出主要观点如下：（1）公司机关权力配置规则，涉及属于公司"强行性"的规则应由法律直接规制，而属于"任意型"或"赋权型"的规则，可由股东大会授权以章程的形式解决，法律应明确确立该形式的合法地位；（2）针对公司机关权力配置的内容，法律应分别在有限责任公司和股份有限公司之间合理配置和差别配置；（3）董事会权力的扩大是公司权力的分化和权力内容的重新组合，法律应肯定其积极的实践意义和理论意义；（4）立法应限制控股股东的权力，充分保证公司的自治能力，从而改善公司治理结构环境。

Article 27: The financing guarantee liability balance to a single Secured Party by a financing guarantee company shall not be more than 10％ of its net assets; the financing guarantee liability balance to a single Secured Party and its affiliated party shall not be more than 15％ of its net assets and the financing guarantee liability balance to a single Secured Party for bond issuance shall not be more than 30％ of its net assets.

第二十七条融资性担保公司对单个被担保人提供的融资性担保责任余额不得超过净资产的10％，对单个被担保人及其关联方提供的融资性担保责任余额不得超过净资产的15％，对单个被担保人债券发行提供的担保责任余额不得超过净资产的30％。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

In the third part, we carry on detailed of analysis the problem of asset and liability management in life insurance company of our country, include the serious interest loss day by day in our country, the problem in the course of the utilization of fund in life insurance company, and the mismatching of the asset and liability.

第三部分对我国寿险公司的资产负债管理存在的问题进行了详细的分析，如我国目前日益严重的利差损问题，寿险资金运用过程中存在的问题，以及寿险公司资产与负债的严重不匹配问题等。

The sole shareholder's obligation and liability of Single-member Company is mainly discussed in this article, which insists that the study on the shareholders liability of Single-member Company is the key to solve the issue of Single-member Company .

本文以一人公司唯一股东的义务与责任为研究重点，并坚持认为，对一人公司股东责任的研究是解决一人公司问题的关键。

The third part puts forward the additional relief measures of shareholders limited liability in Single-member Company with shareholders unlimited liability and discusses definitely the common types of shareholders unlimited liability in Single-member Company by learning from the doctrine of veil piercing in Common Law System.

第三部分提出应以一人公司股东的无限责任作为股东有限责任的补充救济措施，并借鉴英美法系的揭开法人面纱理论，对一人公司股东无限责任的常见类型做了一定的探讨。

Ichang Beishan commercial chain limited liability company outside North Main Street ...

宜昌北山商业连锁有限责任公司北门外正街。。。

Ichang Beishan commercial chain limited liability company outside North Main Street ...

宜昌北山商业连锁有限责任公司北门外正街。。。-统客B2B

Liaoyang City Xin Kyushu auto trade limited liability company goods ...

辽阳市鑫九州汽车贸易有限责任公司货物运。。。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。