查询词典 lethargic sleep

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

objective to study the correlation among psychosomatic health factors,depression,anxiety and sleep status in college students,to analyze influence factors in sleep status.methods with questionnaire opened in-vestigation,200college students were evaluated using cornell medical index,self-rating depression,self-rating anxiety scaleand pittsburgh sleep quality index.stepwise regression analysis was used.re-sults total score of sds was35.55±7.8,and sas was0.48±0.9.each score of cmi was higher than normal range,the highest was digestion system,next was respiration system,then,fatigue,eyes and ears,anxiety,sensitivity,tension,maladjustment in turn.total average score of psqi was6.32±3.6,ordinary sleep were115cases（57.5%）,good and bad sleep were42（21%）and43（21.5%）cases respectively.influence factors in total score of psqi were sas,cmi,respiration system,anxiety,past healthy,digestion system,fatigue,sensitivity,sds and malad-justment in turn,using stepwise regression analysis,total score of psqi as dependent variable,each factor score of cmi,total score of sds and sas as independent variables.conclusion problems of psychosomatic health,anxiety and depression could both lead to sleep disorder.

目的 研究在校大学生心身健康因素及抑郁焦虑等与睡眠状况的相关性，并对影响睡眠状况的有关因素进行分析。方法采用问卷式的开放性研究，对在校的200名大学生进行康奈尔心身健康问卷、自评抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量量表的测定，采用逐步回归分析方法。结果 sds总分为35.55±7.8、sas总分为0.48±0.9，cmi评分：消化系统最为严重评分为2.52，其次为呼吸系统、疲劳感、眼和耳、焦虑、敏感、紧张、不适应等，评分均高于正常常模。psqi总均分为6.32±3.6，一般睡眠有115例占57.5%，睡眠质量较好42例占21.0%，睡眠质量较差43例占21.5%。评估对睡眠状况的影响程度，以psqi总分为因变量，选择cmi各因子分和sds、sas总分作为自变量，进行多因素逐步回归分析，进入方程的因素依据标准化偏回归系数，影响psqi总分的因素依次为sas总分、cmi总分、呼吸系统、焦虑、既往健康、消化系统、疲劳感、敏感、sds总分、不适应（f=226.8；p.01；r=0.73）。结论心身健康问题和焦虑抑郁可导致睡眠障碍。

Out where the river broke The bloodwood and the desert oak Holden wrecks and boiling diesels Steam in forty five degrees The time has come To say fair's fair To pay the rent To pay our share The time has come A fact's a fact It belongs to them Let's give it back How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning The time has come To say fair's fair To pay the rent, now To pay our share Four wheels scare the cockatoos From Kintore East to Yuendemu The western desert lives and breathes In forty five degrees The time has come To say fair's fair To pay the rent To pay our share The time has come A fact's a fact It belongs to them Let's give it back How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning The time has come To say fair's fair To pay the rent, now To pay our share The time has come A fact's a fact It belongs to them Let's give it back How can we dance when our earth is turning How do we sleep while our beds are burning

在哪里爆发的河流该bloodwood和沙漠橡树霍顿沉船和沸腾柴油蒸汽在45度现在时机已到如果说公平公正付房租我们的支付份额现在时机已到一个事实是事实它属于他们让我们回到我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧现在时机已到如果说公平公正付房租，现在我们的支付份额四个轮子吓唬cockatoos 从金托尔东Yuendemu 西部沙漠的生命和呼吸在45度现在时机已到如果说公平公正付房租我们的支付份额现在时机已到一个事实是事实它属于他们让我们回到我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧现在时机已到如果说公平公正付房租，现在我们的支付份额现在时机已到一个事实是事实它属于他们让我们回到我们怎么能跳舞时，我们的地球是转折点我们怎么睡觉，而我们的床燃烧

An algorithm is developed to differentiate sleep stages with respiration frequency and frequency of leg movements to differentiate sleep into four sleep stages including awake, deep sleep, light sleep and REM.

接著本研究即尝试发展一套判读睡眠阶段演算法，以呼吸频率变异系数和腿部动作频率两项外显行为讯号判读睡眠阶段，能将整晚睡眠区分为清醒、深眠、浅眠、 REM 等四个阶段。

Neurasthenic patients is often difficulty falling asleep, finally fell asleep is often awakened by nightmares and disrupted the normal sleep during the day so drowsy and lethargic, and even dreams will be produced by hypochondria and anxiety disorders, increased disease development.

神经衰弱患者往往入睡困难，终于睡着了经常被恶梦惊醒，破坏了白天昏昏欲睡和昏昏欲睡，使正常的睡眠，甚至梦想将由病症和焦虑症的产生，增加了疾病的发展。

Goodall confesses to a ketchup addiction ("even with risotto") and reckons that if she does not have fresh food, she will be lethargic and sleep through most of university.

古道尔承认自己一番茄酱成瘾，并估计，如果她没有新鲜的食物，她将昏睡，并通过大学的大部分睡眠。

The nest at home, eats is soaking is scolding to one's face each big scenic spot number of people which on the television broadcasts, again the dark lethargic sleep goes.

窝在家里，吃着泡面数着电视上播放的各大景点的人头，再昏昏睡去。

"Sleep disruptions were similar in the NR and RD conditions, but did not involve REM sleep; the effects on pain threshold observed in the RD condition were therefore due specifically to the loss of REM sleep, not to the disruption of sleep per se," noted Dr. Roehrs."We found that REM loss itself was hyperalgesic."

Roehrs博士强调，在无快速眼动睡眠的因素下，NR及RD的睡眠干扰情况皆类似；在RD状态时，疼痛感受值会受到影响，这主要是因为丧失快速眼动睡眠的关系，而不是睡眠本身受到影响；我们发现，快速眼动睡眠的丧失，本质上就是痛觉过敏。

"Such findings suggest that the relationship between disturbed sleep and pain is bidimensionsal not only does pain disrupt sleep, but disrupted sleep may enhance pain," Timothy A Roehrs, PhD, lead investigator, told Medscape."We were interested in determining whether loss of REM sleep itself is hyperalgesic."

Timothy A Roehrs博士向Medscape表示，这项试验结果显示，被干扰的睡眠与疼痛之间的关系是双向性的；亦即，疼痛不仅会阻扰睡眠，睡眠受到阻扰也会加强疼痛的感觉；我们想要探究的是，短少的REM睡眠，本身是否就是痛觉过敏。

The results showed that older age, women, widowed, low level education , unemployed, have religious belief and low income, obesity , unhealth status, many doctor visits, no exercise and low sleep hours have bad quality of sleep.The study reveals that the sex, marital status, education, body mass index, health status, doctor visits, exercise status and sleep hours under six hours were significant associated with the quality of sleep.

本研究针对国人睡眠品质以及失眠情形加以探讨，研究结果显示，年龄越大、女性、丧偶、教育程度低、无工作、有宗教信仰以及个人收入较低者、肥胖者(BMI≧27)、自觉健康状况不佳、就医次数多、无运动以及睡眠时数小於6小时者的睡眠品质有较严重的情形；其中性别、婚姻状况、教育程度、身体质量指数、自觉健康状况、就医次数、运动状态以及睡眠时数小於6小时者是影响睡眠品质的因素。

Objective To study the effect of chitosan in the prevention of fibrous scar formation in the epidural space after laminectomy.

目的 观察选择性脊神经后根切除术椎板切除后硬膜外几种防瘢痕粘连物质的作用并探讨其机制。

On his way to the lift, he looked back to us or was it me his eyes pointing?

当他要进电梯时，他回头看我们（或者说是我，他的眼光？