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Through determining leaves of Bt transgenic tobacco and leaves, flowers, bolls and bracteal leaves of Bt transgenic cotton, it is found that ELISA method is relevant to bioassay.

用建立的ELISA方法检测了转Bt杀虫蛋白基因烟草的叶片和转Bt杀虫蛋白基因棉花的叶片、花器、铃和蕾等部位，并同生物测试法相比较，发现两种方法有很好的相关性。

Now, Flavonoids and ginkgolides were mainly extracted from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba., but the leaves often contain high content of corious and cereous, and the effective constituent is very different under the various conditions. In addition, the constituent of ginkgolides is very low in the leaves, and thus the quality of extraction is difficult to reach the international standards.

目前人们主要从银杏叶中提取银杏黄酮和萜内酯，但由于银杏黄酮和银杏内酯的含量很低，尤其银杏叶中最主要的有效成分银杏内酯B主要存在于根中，在银杏叶中含量极低(＜0.1％)，且是在生长状态的叶中含量最高，采叶影响树的生长；又因银杏叶中主要的有效成分受多种因素的影响又有很大差别，银杏叶革质化、蜡质化程度高，使得国内银杏叶提取物的质量很难达到国际标准。

Lateral branches penetrating leaf sheaths. Leaves alternate. Inflorescences borne at each node, opposite leaves, emerging from mouth of leaf sheath, each a large panicle of numerous cincinni; cincinni each subtended by an involucral bract; bracts similar to leaves, becoming smaller toward apex of cincinnus.

叶互生 花序着生在每节，与叶对生，从叶鞘口那里出现，每一个为一大的多数蝎尾状聚伞花序的圆锥花序；蝎尾状聚伞花序各自以一总苞片被包着；类似于叶的苞片，向蝎尾状聚伞花序先端变小。

Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, simple, odd-pinnate, or digitately trifoliolate; blades of simple leaves entire at margin, those of compound leaves crenulate, crenate, lobulate, or rarely entire at margin.

托叶无。叶互生，单，奇数羽状复叶，或者掌状具三小叶；单叶的叶片边缘全缘，复叶的边缘具细圆齿、圆齿，或具小裂片，或者很少边缘全缘。

Aqueous extract of cotton has allelopathic effect on Raphanus sativus, Brassica campestris, Lactuca indica, Brassica campestris, Echinochloa crusgall, Setaria viridis and Abutilon theophrasti and its inhibition effect gradually strengthens with increasing concentration. Aqueous extracts from stems, leaves and roots of cotton inhibit or accelerate seed germination and seedling growth, and activity of enzyme of seedling root of cotton. While aqueous extracts from stems and leaves of cotton are 0.02 gmL^(-1), root length, shoot length, lateral root number and dry weight of cotton respectively increase by 10.3%, 3.1%, 22.9% and 2.4% over the control. The above mentioned indexes are lower than the control by 34.4%, 39.2%, 40.6% and 19.0% respectively as the aqueous extracts are 0.1 gmL^(-1). At the same time, root activity and SOD activity decrease by 38.2% and 36.7%, while POD activity and MDA content increase by 52.3% and 36.5%. Growth indexes of plant receptors increase at low concentrations but decrease at high concentrations of aqueous extracts. The allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of stems and leaves is stronger than that of root.

结果表明：棉花植株水浸提液对萝卜、白菜、莴苣、油菜、稗草、狗尾草、苘麻均具有化感效应，随着作用浓度增加，抑制效应逐渐加强；棉花茎叶和根系水浸提液对棉花种子萌发、幼苗生长、幼苗根系活力、根系酶活性有抑制或促进作用，当茎叶浸提液浓度为0.02 gmL^(-1)时，棉花根长、苗高、侧根数、干重分别比对照增加10.3%、3.1%、22.9%和2.4%，当浓度为0.1 gmL^(-1)时，上述指标与对照相比分别降低34.4%、39.2%、40.6%和19.0%，而根系活力、SOD活性比对照降低38.2%、36.7%，POD活性、MDA含量较对照增加52.3%和36.5%，不同浓度棉花植株水浸提液对棉花生长呈现&低促高抑&的规律，且茎叶浸提液作用效应大于根系浸提液。

Stems angular, glabrous. Radical leaves: stipules brown, membranous, abaxially glabrous; petiole glabrous; leaf blade with 7–9 pairs of leaflets; leaflets petiolulate, green on both surfaces, fasciated or fasciated lanceolate, 5–7 × 1.5–1.7 cm, both surfaces glabrous, base subcordate to obliquely truncate or rounded, margin acutely incised serrate, apex rounded to acute; cauline leaves: stipules green, falcate, herbaceous, margin incised serrate; leaf blade resembling that of radical leaves but leaflets fewer and narrower higher up stem.

茎具角，无毛；胚根叶：托叶使成褐色，膜，背面无毛；叶柄无毛；叶片具7-9对小叶；具小叶柄的小叶，绿色在两面，扁化或者扁化， 5-7 * 1.5-1.7 厘米，两面无毛，基部近心形在斜截形或圆形，边缘尖锐锐裂状锯齿，先端圆形的到锐尖；茎生叶托叶绿色，镰刀形，草本，给锐裂状锯齿镶边；叶片象胚根叶的那但是高的更少和狭窄的小叶向上茎。

Based upon the ecoanatomical method, leaf anatomical characters of eleven populations of six evergreen species (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, C. myrsinaefolia, C. gracilis, Castanopsis sclerophylla, C. eyrei and Lithocarpus glaber) from the eastern subtropical area of China were analyzed and compared with SPSS, DCA and TWINSPAN. The results are: 1. Although the leaf structures of the eleven populations still belong to the mesophyll type, they all express the trend of xerophilization. 2. There are some differences in leaf anatomical characters among populations, species and genera, which occur as the results of their adaptation to different habitats. 3. Different leaf anatomical characters have different variations among populations, species and genera, of which leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness (considered as ecological adaptation characters) have greater variation than sponge tissue thickness, lower cuticle thickness and lower epidermis thickness (as systematical evolution characters). 4. The leaves of C. sclerophylla and C. glauca with thicker lamina, palisade tissue and cuticle (a multilayered upper epidermis in C. sclerophylla) are thought to better adapt to their dry habitat. The leaves of C. eyrei with thicker sponge tissue, although characterized by a multlayered upper epidermis, adapt to their humid and warm habitat. The leaves of C. myrsinaefolia and C. gracilis characterized by a thinner lamina, a less palisade tissue and a moderate cuticle thickness adapt to the humid and cool habitat in a middle mountain.

选取亚热带东部替代分布明显的壳斗科6种常绿树种（青冈、小叶青冈、细叶青冈、苦槠、甜槠和石栎）的11个种群叶片进行生态解剖，并用SPSS， DCA和TWINSPAN比较分析，结果表明：①尽管6种11个种群叶的结构仍属中生叶型，但有着不同程度的趋旱适应；②叶的解剖性状在属间、种间和种群间均存在着不同程度的差异，这是它们适应各自生境的结果，青冈和石栎的种内差异较大，反映出它们对环境变化有较强响应能力；③叶片的不同解剖性状在属、种类和种群间的变化并不同步，其中叶片和栅栏组织厚度等性状差异突出，反映它们更易受环境的饰变，是生态适应性状，而海绵组织、下角质膜，特别是下表皮厚度等性状差异较小，显示出这些性状的稳定性，可以认为是系统演化性状；④苦槠、青冈具有较厚的叶片、栅栏组织、角质膜和发达输导和机械组织，苦槠还具有复表皮，表现出对旱化生境的适应；甜槠尽管具有复表皮和较厚的叶片，但这是海绵组织增厚的结果，是对中生生境的适应；小叶青冈和细叶青冈具有较薄的叶片和栅栏组织、角质膜厚度居中等特点，可能是对中山凉湿生境的适应。

There are vegetables and vegetables daily, Lycopus, melon leaves, Beijing cabbage, Chinese cabbage, rape, mustard, lettuce, celery, spinach, kale, water spinach, radish, Ma bitter vegetables, beans and even leaves, sweet potato leaves, pumpkin Miller, pumpkin flowers, pea sprouts can also dish.

玉米也有机玉米与糯玉米之别，机玉米用于熬粥，有时也煎成玉米饼。

The results showed that bulb height and flower size of 'Large Copper' were least, with longest white short soft hair on stem. Obvious characteristics of 'Toronto' were nacarat and lackluster membranous bulb scales, leaves with rufous stripe and base of perianth shape and colour. Obvious characteristic of 'Pink Impression' were taller plantlet, bigger flower, taller and wider leaves and edge of leaves with short hair.

结果表明：品种Large Copper的种球高度和花径均最小，茎上白色柔毛最长；品种Toronto的显著特征是种球的膜质鳞片为桔红色，无光泽，叶片上有红褐色条纹，花被片基部为黑色舌形；品种Pink Impression植株高，花大，叶片长而宽，叶缘有短毛。

There are 18 species of Paphiopedilum in China. Most of them grow in limestone regions and are epiphytic or terrestrial. There are two types of leaves mottled leaves and green leaves. They distribute in subtropics of China. Five species of subgenus Brachypelalum are the most primitive grou p of Paphiopedilum in China and four of them distributed in the limeston e re gions of Eastsouth Yunnan. Most species of Paphiopedilum distribute in this area,too.

国产兜兰野生种共有18种，主要分布于热带过渡地区，主产西南各省区；大多数种类生长于石灰岩山地，多为半附生兰，呈丛生生长，另一部分生长于酸性砂岩面的腐叶土上，多为地生兰，呈单株生长或分蘖状散生；大部分兜兰分布于较高海拔地区；国产兜兰属中最原始的短瓣亚属绝大部分种类仅分布在滇东南地区与贵州、广西连成一片的岩溶地貌的石灰岩地区，而兜兰属中较进化的兜兰亚属大部分种类在本区皆有分布。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。