查询词典 layer

RESULTS: FGFR1-positive chondrocytes were abundant in the maturative layer and hypertrophic layer, but only few FGFR1-positive chondrocytes were found in the proliferative layer. In the control group, the expression of FGFR1 increased from 6-week-old to 10-week-old rats, and then decreased and went stable. In both young and adult group, the expression of FGFR1 in the experimental group was significantly lower at 4, 6 weeks and higher at 8 weeks than that in the control group, especially in the young group (P.05). But no difference was found between the experimental group and the control group at 2 weeks in both groups. CONCLUSION: FGFR1 may play an important role in the remodling of condylar cartilage induced by occlusal disorders.

结果：FGFR1主要表达在大鼠髁突软骨过渡层和肥大层，增殖层很少；正常组大鼠髁突软骨从6周龄到10周龄FGFR1表达逐渐增强，10周龄后降低，并保持在一个稳定水平；成年组和幼年组实验4、6周时FGFR1的表达均显著低于对照组，实验8周时的表达高于对照组(P.05)，幼年组尤为明显，实验2周组与对照组无显著差异。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

The magnetite with a mean diameter of 8nm was prepared by chemical coprecipitation methods. By the addition of nonionized oleic acid to the suspension of magnetite in solution during precipitation, the magnetite nanoparticles were coated with a double surfactant layer. A gel-like precipitated precursor is then formed because of the hydrophobic interaction among those coated units. By transferring of this precursor to an organic solvent, the surfactant double layer on Fe〓O〓 nanoparticles reduces to one; however, it still remains as a double layer by transferring to an alkaline aqueous solution. Both these cases give in stable colloids of superparamagnetic Fe〓O〓 nanoparticles.

从解决无机磁性Fe〓O〓颗粒与有机烯类单体的相容性入手，采用化学共沉淀法，制备了平均直径为8nm的超顺磁性Fe〓O〓颗粒，在制备过程中以非离子形式引入油酸，在Fe〓O〓颗粒表面形成一个具有双层结构的疏水外壳，并通过疏水相互作用凝聚成磁性Fe〓O〓凝胶，能够以单分子层结构形式溶解在非极性溶剂中，也能够以双分子层结构形式溶解在碱性水溶液中，形成稳定的超顺磁性Fe〓O〓溶胶。

With vertical-section analysis, in the later of experiment, naked terra and wheat land make content of soluble salt high in 0～20cm,and decreasing with deepening of soil-layer; the content value of planting two-year-old Onobrychis viciaefolia 、one-year-old Onobrychis viciaefolia 、interplanting and sequential cropping in the every soil-layer is equal; in harvest, only planting wheat and interplanting display content of soluble salt is high in middle-layer (20～60cm) and low in surface and down layers(0～20cm,60～80cm).

土壤垂直剖面分析，试验末期裸地的土壤盐分表现为0～20cm 土层高，随土层深入含量逐渐降低；二年生红豆草、一年生红豆草、套种和复种处理的土壤盐分均表现出各层含量近似相等的特征；小麦收获期，单作小麦和小麦套种地各土层的可溶性盐含量均表现为中层(20～60cm)高、上下层(0～20cm 和60～80cm)低的特征。

The main type of the fluvialfacies reservoir residual oil includes watering disperse phase residual oil,either lowpermeability feebleness watering residual oil layer at channel sand top, overbank or borderfacies thin layer hypotonic residual oil,residual oil layer of pollution by engineering, bestcompartment microtrap residual oil, sever edge region residual oil of developed fault blockextension ,it amounts to six strain main .

河流相储层中剩余油的主要类型，包括水洗区分散相剩余油、河道砂上部低渗透弱水洗剩余油层、溢岸或边缘相薄层低渗剩余油、工程污染所致剩余油层、井间微圈闭剩余油、已开发断块外延断棱区剩余油等六种主要类型。

The results show that, Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge brazing alloy is better, its melting temperature range is 446.76494.40 ℃, and the temperature interval between the solidus and the liquidus is 47.64 ℃. When the brazing temperature is in the range of 510550 ℃, the alloy has a good spreadability and wettability with Ni. Interface structure observation reveals that there is one continuous intermetallic layer between the brazing alloy and the base metal Ni when welding. X-ray energy spectrum analysis results show that the intermetallic layer is Ge3Ni5, and because of its brittleness, the overthick intermetallic layer will decrease the shear strength of the welding joint, therefore, the welding technology should be controlled so as to gain an ideal welding interface structure.

研究结果表明：Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge合金的性能较好，其熔化温度范围为446.76~494.40 ℃，结晶温度区间为47.64 ℃；焊接温度在510~550 ℃范围内时，Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge钎料合金与Ni基体具有良好的铺展性和润湿性，焊接时钎料合金与Ni基体之间形成了一条连续的金属间化合物层，能谱分析表明该金属间化合物层为Ge3Ni5，由于该化合物较脆，过厚的金属间化合物层使焊接接头的剪切强度下降，故应适当控制焊接工艺以获得理想的焊接界面组织。

Because thermal insulation was in oxygen-riched condition of afterburner and charred layer was porous, oxygenous gas in mixture would penetrate into charred layer and chemical reaction would take place in whole charred layer, which intensified the ablation process.

通过对烧蚀后试件的详细分析，认为绝热层烧蚀过程中燃气流中的氧化性组分会渗入炭化层内部，在炭化层内的孔隙中与材料发生放热的化学反应，大量消耗碳，加剧了烧蚀的过程。

We used the avidin-biotin complex technique and EGFR monoclonal antibody to evaluate the expression of EGFR in 29 cases of cholesteatoma and 34 samples of normal postauricular skin. Of patients with cholesteatoma, 79%(23 cases) had EGFR-positive cells in the basal layer, 66%(19 cases) in the parabasal layer, and 62%(18 cases) in the upper layer of the epithelial tissue.

本研究利用免疫组织化学酵素抗体法（avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex，ABC method）以 EGFR 单株抗体免疫染色，评估29例胆脂瘤与34例耳廓后皮肤两者组织上皮内 EGFR 阳性细胞之分布表现。

Catenin was detected in suprabasal, epidermal basal layer, placode, hair bud in early phase(E68～93),and expressed strongly in epidermal basal layer, placode, and hair bud, in suprabasal expressed less strongly; in metaphase(E94～184),β-catenin was detected in epidermis, hair peg, and in suprabasal, epidermal basal layer, hair follicle bulge, inner root sheath, outer root sheath, follicular infundibulum expressed less strongly; in late phase(E184～225),β-catenin expressed weakly in epidermal basal layers, while expressed strongly in epidermal keratinocytes.

结果显示：β-catenin在胎牛蹄边缘毛囊形态发生早期(68～93天)表达于表皮、基底层、基板和毛芽中，其中基底层、基板、毛芽中呈强阳性，表皮中呈中阳性；在毛囊形态发生中期(94～184天)表达于基底层、表皮和毛钉中，其中基底层、表皮、隆突区、内外根鞘和漏斗部呈中阳性；在毛囊形态发生晚期(184～225天)只在表皮及基底层有表达，其中基底层呈弱阳性，表皮呈强阳性。

The ceruloplasmin was expressed at 6 hours after modeling and the positive cells located in retinal inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer and out plexiform layer of retina.

铜蓝蛋白参与了RIR损伤的早期过程，其作用可能是清除自由基和保护视网膜。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷