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The experiment indicates ground surface consists of white layer and dark layer, and the whiter layer is made up of cryptocrystalline martensite, retained austenite and carbide.

实验研究表明，磨削表面由白层和暗层组成，而磨削白层由晶粒很细小的隐晶马氏体、少量残余奥氏体和碳化物组成。

Species richness and Pielou evenness index were used to measure species diversity. Species richness in polluted area was 32-67, while in control area it was 47-82. Pielou evenness index of tree layer was 0.1161-0.8509, while those of shrub layer and herb layer were 0.1763-0.3249 and 0.0443-0.2601, respectively. The results showed that both species richness and Pielou evenness index were influenced by the point source pollution. Species importance values showed significant differences between polluted area and control area. Dominance of different species had changed, and some species even disappeared under the pressure of pollution, indicating a process of species replacement in plant communities. Such species replacement can provide a scientific basis for species selection for restoration of human-damaged ecosystem. The natural regeneration of Quercus variabilis was insensitive to pollution, while Cupressus funebris was effected seriously.

仅在污染区中出现的物种数量远低于仅在对照区中出现的物种数量；(2)可分出4种基本的群落类型：马尾松林、柏木林、栓皮栎林和马尾松＋栓皮栎林，各群落特定层次的物种丰富度指数以及Pielou均匀度指数在污染区与对照区之间存在显著差异；(3)污染胁迫下，物种在群落中的生态优势度发生了变化，反映了群落中不同物种相互替代的过程，这种物种的替代可为今后受损生态系统人为恢复过程中物种的筛选提供一定的理论参考；(4)对群落中王要物种更新的调查发现：栓皮栎林对污染不敏感；柏木林污染区与对照区幼苗数量及分布格局均有明显差异，污染条件下群落未来演替受到严重干扰。

In habitats of the broad-leaved forest, the dominant tree are the species of Fagaceae in tree layer, Theaceae, Saxifragaceae and Lauraceae in shrub layer, Cyperaceae, Dryopteris spp. and Liliaceae in herb layer.

在阔叶林型栖息地中，乔木层主要树种为壳斗科植物，灌木层植物以山茶科、虎耳草科和樟科等科的种类为主，草本层植物以莎草科、蕨类和百合科为主。

MPa. A dense CHA layer is formed on the surface of dicalcium silicate coating soaked in SBF solution for 2 days. A silica-rich layer is also observed between the CHA layer and the coating.

硅酸二钙涂层浸泡在模拟体液中两天后，表面被致密的球形磷灰石晶体覆盖，在磷灰石层之下可观察到明显的富硅层。

An electron microscopic study of resting cysts and their organelles in Paraurostyla weissei has revealed that:⑴The cyst wall is composed of four layers named from outside to inside:ectocyst,mesocyst,endocyst,and granular layer.The granular layer is delimited by the cell pellicle.Both the layer and pellicle contain a few vesicles.

为研究纤毛虫休眠状态下细胞的分化及其胞器的特征，本文以透射电镜术显示，魏氏拟尾柱虫休眠包囊中，颗粒层壁内有小泡，表膜位置也偶见小泡样结构，大部分线粒体以多个相互聚集在一起，自噬泡将线粒体等胞器包裹在内经历消化过程，细胞内膜系统十分发达。

There exist electrodissolution and Cu2O layer formation on the Copper electrode during anodic processes.The increase of temperature promotes the growth of Cu2O layer and argon gas purging also influences Cu2O layer formation.

纯铜电极在阳极氧化过程中存在着Cu的阳极溶解和电极表面生成Cu2O膜的反应，温度升高有利于Cu2O膜的生成，除氧与否影响纯铜电极的成膜反应。

Davidii forest, while arbor layer could be divided into two sub-layers, with a height of 4.05-7.86 m for the upper layer, and of 2.05-3.20 m for the lower layer. In the community, there were 32 herbal species belonging to 27 genera of 13 families and dominant by Poaceae, Fabaceae and Compositae, and 11 areal types, among which, the species number in Mongolian-Northeastern China-Dahuricia-North China areal type was the highest (34.38%), followed by that in Northeastern China-North China areal type (12.5%).

结果表明：研究区刺榆林不存在灌木层；其乔木层可划分为2个亚层，上、下层高度分别为4.05~7.86和2.05~3.20m；林下共有32种草本植物，隶属13科27属，以禾本科、豆科和菊科为主；研究区有11个植被分布区型，其中，蒙古－东北－兴安－华北分布区型种类最多(34.38%)，其次为东北－华北分布区型(12.5%)。

Many structural deficiencies and mistakes were highlighted, which including excessive horizontal displacement in the ground, more severe damaged transition layer (the first masonry structure layer), ground with farraginous structure, and poor construction quality. Finally, lateral stiffness ratio of the second to ground story in masonry buildings with RC frame structure at the bottom will be optimized following difference of materials between the ground floor and the upper floors. The strength and the ductility of transition layer, as well as shear walls in the ground floor, are crucial to keep the building standing during large earthquake.

在介绍和总结了汶川地震中底框砖房的表现―底层过大的水平侧移、过渡层严重破坏或完全坍塌、底层严重破坏或房屋完全倒塌、上部砌体整体发生侧移、以及设计一和施工质量良好的底层抗震墙砖房&大震不倒&的基础上，得出以下结论和建议：在抗震设防地区应禁止使用部分底框砖房，地震中过渡层的实际受力情况与设计所采用的受力状态有明显的区别，规范应考虑砌体和钢筋混凝土材料的不同力学性质来制定上下层刚度比要求，明确对过渡层的延性和强度要求，明确该类结构抗震概念设计的具体措施。

Nano germproof stainless steel plastic mulriple tube,whose outside layer is ultrathin tube, inside layer is a material nano germproof stainless steel plastic mulriple tube, center layer is a plastics material,has the feature of light,builtful, erodeproof,germproof and so on .It has been widly used in the field of water supplying,heating,food, medicament,petrlion,gas transferring and so on.

项目介绍：纳米抗菌不锈钢塑料复合管，外层为超薄壁不锈钢（SUS304）管，内层为纳米抗菌材料与塑料共混，中间层为塑料材料和热熔粘接剂，形成四层结构的纳米抗菌新型复合管材，具有重量轻、外表美观、耐腐蚀、无毒卫生、长效抗菌、耐热保温、使用寿命长、生产工艺先进等优点，广泛应用于供水、采暖、食品、医药、石油、化工、气体输送等各个领域。

The machine is a special purpose equipment with carton gluer, it can be gluer corrugated paperboard with3- layer ,5- layer or7- layer .

本机为纸箱粘合成形的专用设备，能够对三层、层、层瓦愣箱片进行粘合。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。