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Laws of cyclic hardening and softening, transformation laws of strain amplitude, plastic amplitude, laws of cyclic creep caused by mean stress under stress control, Masing behavior of material, etc, are examined in detail.

通过不同环境温度下的简单拉伸试验和应力控制下的低周疲劳试验，找出了环境温度对应力控制下的疲劳行为和疲劳强度的影响。

Veggie libel laws also known as food libel laws or food disparagement laws, are laws passed in 13 U.S.

素食者诽谤法案又称为食品诽谤法案或者食品诋毁法案，该法案被13个州所通过，食品的生产者可以依据该法案以诽谤的名义起诉他们的批评者。

After the flights between the Li and law at the end of Qing Dynast for almost one century, China lasted a hard period and became one of members of WTO and the China laws system will be affected, it means that under the condition of the WTO the improvement of China laws and the affection on China laws in all aspects regarded as the important another transferring.

清末礼法之争之后经过了近一个世纪的历史进程，中国经历了艰难的过程，成为世界贸易组织的成员，极大影响中国的法律制度。因此，入世条件下中国法律的完善，即WTO对中国法律诸方面发展造成的影响和完善可以认为是中国法律的又一变革。

Local laws enaction is legislative behaviour of legal organs of power and administrative organs,which plays a decisive role in the legislative system of our nation.The local laws excel highly the central laws in the numurous subject and numbers beyond description.

地方立法主体之庞杂，立法数量之繁多是中央立法无法比拟的，如何规范和调适地方立法也成了当今必须解决的问题之一，制定地方立法法是当然和可行的最好途径。

IX. And also sundry grievous offenders, by color thereof claiming an exemption, have escaped the punishments due to them by the laws and statutes of this your realm, by reason that divers of your officers and ministers of justice have unjustly refused or forborne to proceed against such offenders according to the same laws and statutes, upon pretense that the said offenders were punishable only by martial law, and by authority of such commissions as aforesaid; which commissions, and all other of like nature, are wholly and directly contrary to the said laws and statutes of this your realm.

而且，各种各样犯有重罪的人，通过这样的幌子要求免除审判，已经逃脱根据王国内的法律和条令他们应得的惩罚，其原因就是若干国王的审判官员和大臣以前述的罪人应按军事法律，应由前述的代理人的权力来惩罚为借口，不公正的拒绝或避免根据同样的法律和条令审判这些人；这些委托函，以及其它所有这一类的东西，均完全的与王国内前述的法律和条令相违背。良好的人性，恰当的理性，和对上帝的信仰。规则的美在于简单，个性的美在于丰富，语言的美在于逻辑。

Chapter 5 deals with the solvable theorem of adaptive inverse optimal control problems for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems driven by Wiener noises of unknown covariance. The systems are depicted by It〓 stochastic differential equations. By using an adaptive backstepping algorithm and stochastic control Lyapunov functions, the designing procedure of control laws of global asymptotic stability in probability and adaptive inverse optimal stabilization in probability are presented systematically. Adaptive control laws and parameter update laws can be obtained at the same time by this design scheme.

在第5章中，针对具有方差不确定Wiener噪声扰动和未知定常参数的随机非线性系统（假设方差的F—范数是一个常数或一个缓慢变化的量，对其进行在线辨识），给出并证明了自适应逆最优控制问题可解定理，基于随机Lyapunov定理和It〓微分规则，采用自适应Backstepping设计方法，系统地设计了全局依概率渐近稳定和自适应逆最优控制策略，这种设计方法可同时获得控制策略和自适应律，计算机数值仿真结果表明该控制算法是有效性的。

In the more narrow sense of science , as natural philosophy became linked to an expanding set of well-defined laws (beginning with Galileo's laws, Kepler's laws, and Newton's laws for motion), it became more popular to refer to natural philosophy as natural science.

在过去的19世纪，此外，还有增加的趋势准科学与研究自然世界。此举有时离开研究人类思想与社会在语言困境的本世纪末和到下一个。

The fourth part, by referring to specific cases, brings forward four issues: 1.whether or not the new laws can be retroactive so as to deny the old laws which is evil or bad;2.whether or not the new law can be retroactive so as to deny the old laws which violates the procedural justice;3.the retroactivity in the laws governing the consecutive action.

第四，本文通过司法实践中存在的案例，讨论了三个问题：一是能否制定具有溯及力的新法来否定以前的"恶法"；二是新法对由于旧法的不完善而不符合程序正义的行为能否具有溯及力；三是对于持续状态下的行为的立法溯及力问题。

For this purpose, he devises tariff laws, tax laws, relief laws, and school laws.

为着这个目的，他发明了关税法律，征税法律，救济法律和教育法律。

There're cyclicity laws existing in between urban development and commercial development, each of which is the precondition and accelerant for the other. Furthermore, there're co-matching adaptability laws for developing harmoniously; growing laws for urban forms development and commercial formats transformation; and the radiation laws, which come into being in the course of the co-influence among the cities.

在城市发展与商业发展之间，存在着互为前提，相互促进的周期性规律；存在着相互匹配，协调发展的适应性规律；存在着城市形态发展和商业业态变化的成长性规律；存在着城市间相互影响的辐射性规律。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。