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But as, under civilized governments which are calculated for the peace of mankind, such a constitution would be productive of endless disturbances, the universal law of almost every nation (which is a kind of secondary law of nature) has either given the dying person a power of continuing his property, by disposing of his possessions by will; or, in case he neglects to dispose of it, or is not permitted to make any disposition at all, the municipal law of the country then steps in, and declares who shall be the successor, representative, or heir of the deceased; that is, who alone shall have a right to enter upon this vacant possession, in order to avoid that confusion, which its becoming again common would occasion.10 And farther, in case no testament be permitted by the law, or none be made, and no heir can be found so qualified as the law requires, still, to prevent the robust title of occupancy from again taking place, the doctrine of escheats is adopted in almost every country; whereby the sovereign of the state, and those who claim under his authority, are the ultimate heirs, and succeed to those inheritances, to which no other title can be formed.

但是因为，在最多只能为了人类和平的文明政府之下，这样的制度将会产生无穷无尽的混乱，所以几乎每个国家的普遍法律要么给与将死的人一种权力来继续他的财产权，依他的意志来处置他的财产；要么，他忽略了对它们的处置，或者不允许对它们进行任何处置，那么，国家的自治法律便进入，并宣布谁应当成为死者的后继者，代理人或继承人；即，唯有谁能够拥有权利进入这个所有者空缺的财产位置，以避免这些财产再一次进入共有状态将引起的混乱。进一步而言，在法律禁止订立遗嘱，或没有订立遗嘱，且不能找到符合法律所要求资格的继承者的情况下，为了阻止再次产生占有资格的问题，在几乎所有的国家都采用了&所有权重归领主&（escheat：最初来源于为避免土地处于废弃和无主的状态，土地的所有权重归上一级的封地领主）的原则；据此，国家的君主或声称为他的下级的人，便成为继承人的最后的选择，并实际继承那些遗产，对此没有别的资格。

The United States as the common law country accepts the natural law theory, however ,on the judgment of the natural law method, the natural law overtops the statue law.

美国作为普通法国家接受自然法学说，而按照自然法高于人定法的判断，依据宪法审查人定法不过是对自然法与人定法关系原理的扩大使用。

If, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method of implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule, which contravenes this Agreement or which materially and adversely affects a Party's economic benefit under this Agreement, then upon written notice thereof from the affected party to the other Party, the Parties shall promptly consult and decide whether to continue to implement this Agreement in accordance with the original provisions thereof as per the relevant provisions of the Contract of Law of the People's Republic of China ; or to effectuate necessary adjustments in order to preserve each Party's economic benefit under this Agreement on a basis no less favourable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented.

如果本协议签署之后，中国国家、省、市或地方政府通过任何新的法律、法规、法令或条例，修改或废除任何法律、法规、法令或条例的任何条款，或对任何法律、法规、法令或条例给予不同的解释或采取不同的实施办法，导致与本协议相冲突，或对一方在本协议项下的经济利益造成实质性的不利影响，受到影响的一方经书面通知另一方后，双方应立即协商并决定是否根据《中华人民共和国合同法》的有关规定继续按照本协议的原条款执行本协议，或做出必要的调整，以保持各方在本协议项下的经济利益，使之不逊于各方在该等法律、法规、法令或条例未通过、未修改、未废除、未做出不同的解释或未采取不同的实施方法之前所能获得的经济利益。

If, after the date of the execution of this Agreement, the PRC local or national government or any other local or national public body or authority in the PRC that has the power to make decisions or rules binding upon the JV Company adopts any new PRC Law, amends or repeals any provision of any existing PRC Law, or adopts any different interpretation or method of implementation of any PRC Law ("Change of Law"), and such Change of Law will, upon application by the JV Company and the Party concerned, and upon approval by the relevant government authorities, result in treatment of the JV Company or of any Party substantially more favorable than afforded by the terms of this Agreement (without resulting in less favorable treatment of the other Party), then the JV Company and the Party concerned shall promptly apply to receive the benefits of such more favorable treatment and the other Party shall use all reasonable efforts to facilitate such application.

如本合同开始履行之后，任何有决策权的中国当地或国家政府部门或任何其它中国当地或国家公共机构或单位实行新的法律，修订或废止任何现有中国法律的任何条文，或对任何中国法律的执行方法做出新的解释，并且本合资公司和相关一方采用该法律变更并经有关政府部门批准之时，使得本合资公司及其相关各方的待遇与本合同的条款相比大大的受惠(不对另一方的利益构成损害)，则合资公司和相关一方应即刻采用以便更多地受惠，另一方也应积极配合予以协助。

If, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method of implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule, which contravenes this Agreement or which materially and adversely affects a Party's economic benefit under this Agreement, then upon written notice thereof from the affected party to the other Party, the Parties shall promptly consult and decide whether to continue to implement this Agreement in accordance with the original provisions thereof as per the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China; or to effectuate necessary adjustments in order to preserve each Party's economic benefit under this Agreement on a basis no less favorable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented.

如果， 在签署这个协议以后，中国政府或者在状态，省，市政或地方水平采取任一新法律，章程，旨令或规则，赔偿或撤销任一法律任一个供应，章程，旨令或规则，或采取任一法律的实施任一个另外解释或方法，章程，旨令或规则，哪些违反这个协议或物质哪些和有害地影响一个Party。。s 经济好处根据这个协议，然后在书面通知因此从受影响的党对另一党，党将咨询和及时地决定是否继续实施这个协议与原物符合provisions 因此正如每People。。s 中华民国的合同法律的相关的供应；或完成必要的调整为了保存各个Party。。s 经济好处根据这个协议根据依据没有较不有利比它会接受如果这样的法律的经济好处，章程，旨令或规则未被采取，修正，撤销或如此解释或实施。

The main task of the subsidiary company is to help foreign shipping company get goods carriage, so the items of the jurisdiction and applicable law of the B/L signed by the NVOCC would be the foreign law and law court or the third country law and law court.

因母公司成立子公司的目的主要是帮助母公司承揽货运业务，故无船承运人签发的提单通常将有关争议管辖权以格式条款的形式限定在无船承运人的母公司所在国法院。

Road carriage administration executes the law the legal laws and regulations that the laws and regulations of administrative law law with main basis active country and road carry management, be like " administration of People's Republic of China sanctions a method "," administration of People's Republic of China reconsiders a law "," procedural law of administration of People's Republic of China "," road carriage administration punishs a regulation " etc.

道路运输行政执法主要依据国家现行的行政法律法规和道路运输治理的法律法规，如《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》、《中华人民共和国行政复议法》、《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》、《道路运输行政处罚规定》等。

This dissertation points out, the leading theories concerning formation of the Common Law in the fields of our foreign legal history unduly emphasize source relations between the Common Law and Germanic unwritten law and effects circuit justice make during the times of formation of the Common Law, discussing the problem about formation of the Common Law should be established in the theories on royal jurisdiction and be made around judicial activities of royal courts, especially three center courts.

本文认为，我国外国法制史学界居于主流地位的普通法形成学说过于突出普通法与日耳曼习惯法之间的渊源关系以及巡回审判在普通法形成中所起的作用，对于普通法形成问题的探讨应当立足于国王司法管辖权理论、围绕王室法院尤其是三大普通法法院的司法活动来进行。

Break urban and rural and binary system thoroughly, the system premise; that this is development country law disentombs adequately traditional law culture and resource of rural folk magic art, the important way; that is perfect country law and breed main body of rural market economy actively, raise farmer law consciousness, the basic approach that is perfect country law.

彻底打破城乡二元体制，这是发展农村法治的体制前提；充分发掘传统法律文化和农村民间法资源，则是完善农村法治的重要路径；而积极培育农村市场经济主体，提高农民法律意识，将是完善农村法治的根本途径。

Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for his constructive efforts to promote training and assistance in international law within the framework of the Programme in 2004 and 2005, in particular for the organization of the fortieth and forty-first sessions of the International Law Seminar, held at Geneva in 2004 and 2005, respectively, and for the activities of the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat related to the fellowship programme in international law and to the Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe Memorial Fellowship on the Law of the Sea, carried out, respectively, through its Codification Division and its Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea

赞赏秘书长在2004和2005年协助方案的范围内，为促进国际法方面的培训与协助而进行的建设性努力，特别是分别于2004和2005年在日内瓦举办的第四十届和第四十一届国际法讨论会，并赞赏秘书处法律事务厅分别通过其编纂司及海洋事务和海洋法司进行了与国际法研究金方案和汉密尔顿·谢利·阿梅拉辛格海洋法纪念研究金有关的活动

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐