查询词典 law of contract

Although labor contract law falls into social law category and is different from the traditional civil law,extinctive cause of cancellation right in civil law such as scheduled period passing away,summon exhortation by counterpart and disappearance of cause in fact shall be generally applied to labor contract law.

尽管劳动合同法不同于传统民法而属于社会法范畴，但民法上除斥期间经过、相对人催告和解除事由消失解除权消灭等原因，原则上应适用劳动合同法。

Since 《the contract law》 enacted on,in the theoretical field and judicatory practice exists impetuous controversy on the stipulation of breaking contract payment responsibility aroud 114cloase of 《contract law》,and haven t been in consentience.

本文认为，我国《合同法》中的约定违约金，既具有惩罚性也具有赔偿性。两种不同性质的违约金与损害赔偿、定金等违约责任的其他承担形式的关系也各自不同。

Before the contract law is promulgated in our country, the judicatory department enforcing the law and the judicatory theoreticians argued about the nature of the donative contract. In order to regulate the relationship between right and obligation of donor and donee, the contract law regulates the donation contract as undertaking contract, but has little idea of the regulations related to the donation of promise.

在我国《合同法》颁布之前，司法实务界与理论界对赠与合同的定性争论不休，为了规范赠与人与受赠人的权利义务关系，合同法把它规定为诺成性合同，但对赠与诺言的相关规定却知之甚少。

Before "Labor Contract Law" enacted, views for the liquidated damages of labor contract are different between the theory and practice communities sectors, national legislation and local legislation, reflected in the following three theories: freedom, restriction and forbiddance. Finally,"Labor Contract Law", which is started to implement on 1 January, 2008, supports the theory of restricting the liquidated damages of labor contract.

在《劳动合同法》颁布以前，理论界与实务界，国家立法与地方立法都存在着较大分歧，归纳而言主要体现为以下三种学说：任意劳动合同违约金说、禁止劳动合同违约金说及限制劳动合同违约金说。2008年1月1日开始施行的《劳动合同法》最终将落脚点立于限制说之上。

Construction contract in construction project is a special contractor's agreement. The homologation of the validity of a contract should obey the provisions from the General Principles of Civil Law and the Contract Law. But the new situations, new problems arised from the process of construction market in our country should be considered to make the corresponding countermeasures, which should not break the principle of law.

建设工程施工合同是特殊形式的承揽合同，其效力认定首先应依据《民法通则》和《合同法》等基本法律关于合同效力的原则规定，同时可以结合我国建设市场发展过程中出现的新情况、新问题来制定相应的处理对策，但不应该违反法律的原则性规定。

The legitimatize law on the third party referred to the contract can only be seen in the special law . Although the articles 64 and 65 of contemporary Chinese contract law are similar with the German law regulation ——Geheissperson ,they do not entrust any legal status of the third Party ,they are not the contract referring to the third party.

我国关于涉他合同的立法条文只是散见于各单行法中，合同法第64条、65条规定过于笼统，未赋予第三人任何法律地位，与德国法上的&经由被指令人而为交付&相同，因此不属于涉他合同。

By way of exception, where, in the light of the circumstances as a whole, for instance any business relations between the parties, the contract is manifestly more closely connected with a law which is not the law which would otherwise be applicable to the contract under paragraphs 1 or 2 of this Article, the contract is governed by that other law.

此外，公约还设立了一项逃避一条款，规定：作为例外，从总的情况看，如双方当事人之间的任何商业关系表明，合同明显地与根据上述规定本应适用的法律以外的另一法律有更密切的联系，则合同应受该另一法律支配。

The results of research shows after executing the new Labor Contract Law, not only makes sure the setting procedure of the Collective Contract and emphasizes the efficacy of the Collective Contract and relationship with Labor Contract Law, but also firstly provides regulation for the regional and industrial Collective Contract and exclusively Collective Contract in Law. The regulation asserts and completes the Collective Contract system, and be more important consorting with relationship between employers and employees.

研究显示，新的劳动合同法实施后，不仅明确了集体合同的订立程序，强调集体合同的效力及其与劳动合同的关系，还首次在法律层面将区域性、行业性集体合同以及专项集体合同予以提出和规定，这对於集体合同制度的确立和完善，对於集体合同在协调劳动关系方面作用的更好发挥意义重大。

Chapter Two illustrates the nature of the international guarantee.At first,the writer analyses the meaning of collateral nature and its theoretical basis.Thewriter points out that in order to reinforce the protection of the guarantor'sinterest,the guarantee is located as collateral guarantee in all countries'traditional legislation.In other words,the validity of the guarantee contract isdetermined by the underlying contract,i.e.if the underlying contract isestablished,the guarantee contract is established,too;if the underlying contract isvalid,and the guarantee contract is valid too.It is true,otherwise.But thedoctrine of autonomy of private law dominates the civil law and commercial lawin all the countries,so the parties are permitted to alter the collateral nature of theguarantee by an agreement under the related laws worldwide.so the collateralnature of the guarantee is not the compulsory nature of the law.This lays a solidfoundation for the emerging of the independent guarantee.The writer thenanalyses the meaning of independence and the cause of the booming of theindependent guarantee.In fact,the independent guarantee was originated fromthe change of the collateral nature by the parties contract.As a result,the validityof the contract of independent guarantee is not determined by the underlyingcontract as the collateral guarantee,But the validity of the independent guaranteecontract is independent from the underlying contract,the establishment and thevalidity of the contract of independent guarantee are not subjected to theunderlying contract.

第二章对国际信用担保的法律属性进行了论述，首先分析了从属性的含义及其理论基础，指出虽然各国传统立法为了加强对保证人利益的保护，都将信用担保定位于从属保证，即保证合同的效力取决于主合同的效力，主合同成立，保证合同也成立，主合同生效，保证合同也生效；主合同不成立，保证合同也不成立，主合同不生效，保证合同也不生效，但是由于私法自治的精神主导着各国的民商法领域，各国立法都允许当事人通过合同约定对信用担保的从属性进行改变，所以保证的从属性从来就不是信用担保制度的法律强制属性，这也为独立保证制度的出现奠定了制度前提；其次分析了独立性的含义以及独立保证兴起的原因，独立保证实际上就是当事人通过合同约定对保证从属性的改变，使独立保证合同的效力不再象从属保证合同的效力那样取决于主合同的效力，而是使独立保证合同的效力独立于主合同的效力，独立保证合同成立不因主合同的不成立而受影响，也不因主合同的无效而无效。

This contract shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the law of P.R.

本合同的签订、履行及仲裁，均适用中华人民共和国法律、法规

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。