查询词典 law case

As the case law system is based on the different cases decided on a topic , I stated to get a feeling for holding and dicta , for opinion and dissent , I learned to distinguish between a plurality and a majority opinion and understood that they have a different weight within the argument to decide a case.

由于判例体系是以对某一特定问题作出的许多不同的判例为基础构成的，于是我开始了解判决理由与法官的附带意见，意见与异议这些术语。

If the disutility of risk to a general counsel is great, he will prefer to \\\"overpay\\\" law firms rather than trying to explain to the CEO that the novel compensation deal that he worked out with the law firm that lost the case was not a factor in the loss; that he had not been penny wise and pound foolish.

如果对于公司总顾问的无效风险很大，他宁肯增加对律师事务所的支付也不会试图向CEO解释他同律师事务所达成的输掉案件的交易的报酬不是导致失败的一个因素，也不会说他从来不会因小失大。

Along with the Internet technology application and the development, the dispute which the encompassment network produces also more and more attracts attention, the hypothesized goods this emerging social phenomenon, in the academic circles and the judicial world to its legal attribute understanding existence difference, in the legislation also relatively is at the blank the vacuum state, then caused the law circle to be suitable, and in the academic viewpoint dispute in view of the hypothesized goods case law, in relief legal hysteresis quality.

随着互联网技术的应用和发展，围绕网络所产生的纠纷也越来越引人关注，虚拟物品这一新兴的社会现象，在学术界与司法界对其法律属性的认识存在分歧，立法上也相对处于空白的真空状态，进而导致了法律界针对虚拟物品个案的法律适用、与学术观点上的争议，凸现了法律的滞后性。

In handling the cases,the judges select and build facts according to the law under the guidance of previous knowledge,sire legal texts its phrase meaning according to the facts of the case,and achieve the view of integration between the explainer and the text through the many cycles of context,text,facts of the case and legal texts,so that the meaning of legal texts has been continuously enriched and improved.

法官处理案件时在其前见的指引下根据法律规定选择、建构案件事实，根据案件事实赋予法律文本以语用意义，并且在语境和文本、案件事实和法律文本之间的多次循环往复中实现解释者和文本的视域融合。使法律文本的意义不断丰富和完善。

Chapter 1 is a preface to introduce the motives of this paper research methods scope restriction and frame Chapter 2 will fist introduce the concept of database and then discuss the necessity of database protection in the creating methods and with or without originality This chapter will put emphasis on the importance of originality to database Chapter 3 will observe the British America and Germany's viewpoint of originality to discuss their legislative mode of database legal protection Chapter will introduce EU Directive/96/9/EC of database protection and four judges of EU Court after the Directive takes effect in 2004 to find how the ECJ use the Directive Then according to the DG Internal Market and Service Working Pater and BEUC's evaluation of the Directive this paper will find whether there is positive reaction and influence in database market after EU member countries take the same legislations with the Directive Section 5 will introduce the legislation of British and Germany following the Directive and analyze the development and questions of the two countries' current legislation Chapter 5 will start with Americas case Feist v Jane Doe to understand the case's influence to American legal protection of databases and introduce the Parliament's proposal after the EU Directive Chapter 6 will introduce Japan legislation regarding legal protection of database works and discuss the goodness and badness through Japan academy and judicial viewpoint Chapter 7 will introduce Taiwan's legislation to find whether current law provides enough and adequate protection to databases and discuss whether there is a necessity of amendment At last this paper will try to provide some suggestions about our legislation Chapter 8 is the conclusion of this paper

第二章首先介绍资料库之概念，并以建置方式与是否具原创性区分方式探讨资料库法律保护之必要性，而因著眼原创性对於资料库法律保护之重要性，便於第三章以比较法独立观察英、美、德国对原创性之观点，以接续探讨三国对资料库所采取之立法途径。第四章部份介绍欧盟资料库保护指令之相关规定，并就指令公布后，欧盟法院於2004年接续作出四个关於资料库保护之判决加以介绍，以期寻求欧盟法院如何运用指令规范中之构成要件，而后并参考欧盟委员会工作小组及消费者组织报告对欧体资料库指令之评估文献，探究欧盟各国采取与指令相同立法后，在资料库市场上是否有正面的回应及影响，并於第五节针对英、德两国跟进欧盟资料库保护指令立法之介绍，并归纳、检讨英、德两国之现行法制之发展与所面临之问题。第五章延续第三章、第四章论述后，进入美国1991年Feist案后，美国法院对国内资料库保护之后续见解，探究1991年Feist案对美国资料库保护之影响程度，同时并述美国於欧体公布资料库指令后国会提出之资料库立法草案。第六章则针对日本新增资料库著作之立法模式加以介绍，并藉由日本学界、实务之见解探讨该立法模式之优缺点，再於第七章进入我国法制之介绍，以观察我国目前之法制是否提供资料库充分的保护，探讨资料库立法之必要性，最后尝试提出我国立法模式之建议。第八章则为总结之论述。

Finally, in the third section, by constructing some functional which similar to the conservation law of evolution equation and the technical estimates, we prove that in the inviscid limit the solution of generalized derivative Ginzburg—Landau equation converges to the solution of derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation correspondently in one-dimension; The existence of global smooth solution for a class of generalized derivative Ginzburg—Landau equation are proved in two-dimension, in some special case, we prove that the solution of GGL equation converges to the weak solution of derivative nonlinear Schr〓dinger equation; In general case, by using some integral identities of solution for generalized Ginzburg—Landau equations with inhomogeneous boundary condition and the estimates for the L〓 norm on boundary of normal derivative and H〓 norm of solution, we prove the existence of global weak solution of the inhomogeneous boundary value problem for generalized Ginzburg—Landau equations.

第三部分：在一维情形，我们考虑了一类带导数项的Ginzburg—Landau方程，通过构造一些类似于发展方程守恒律的泛函及巧妙的积分估计，证明了当粘性系数趋于零时，Ginzburg—Landau方程的解逼近相应的带导数项的Schr〓dinger方程的解，并给出了最优收敛速度估计；在二维情形，我们证明了一类带导数项的广义Ginzburg—Landau方程整体光滑解的存在性，以及在某种特殊情形下，GL方程的解趋近于相应的带导数项的Schr〓dinger方程的弱解；在一般情形下，我们讨论了一类Ginzburg—Landau方程的非齐次边值问题，通过几个积分恒等式，同时估计解的H〓模及法向导数在边界上的模，证明了整体弱解的存在性。

The case law of the PCIJ, ICJ and other international judicial bodies indicates that these rules have been applied under international law.

不方便法院原则、未决诉讼规则与既判力规则引入国际法领域具有很大的现实意义。

Object: Cai Daotong of adviser of assistant dean of courtyard of law of Nanjing Normal University, doctoral student thinks, Whether to form violate copyright crime, the key is in looking to whether evidence supports them to be hanged outside game, duplicated the part that can fasten from adult in game program source code, and according to this case details of a case, direct, old of two people outside hanging is only outside those who hang port join, not be duplicate, also not be to issue, existing evidence is indemonstrable also they use outside hang with ' hot-blooded legend ' the nucleus of game is identical.

反对：南京师范大学法学院副院长、博士生导师蔡道通认为，是否构成侵犯著作权罪，关键是看是否有证据支持他们在游戏外挂中，复制了游戏程序源代码中能够自成体系的部分，而根据本案案情，董、陈两人的外挂只是外挂端口的衔接，不是复制，也不是发行，现有证据也不能证明他们使用的外挂与'热血传奇'游戏的核心程序是相同的。

Fri particular, the Wittmann-type strong law of larg numbers for independent random variables is generalized to the case of NA random variables. We also present the sufficient and necessary condition of the laws of logarithm, and we extend Teicher-type strong law of the large numbers for sequence of NA random variables. Some of the laws of iterated logarithm of Teicher-type, Egorov-type arid Wittmann-type for sequence of NA random variables are obtained. Then we investigate the rate3f ionvergcll( fbr series of NA randonl variables, we obtain soIne results fbr tl1e Iaws of theiterated logarithttl, the laws of logarithm and decreasing order fOr the tail sum.Risk itllttlysis tlleory is a sigIlifica11t part of insurance InatheInatics.

Wittmann（1985a）关于实独立随机变量列的结果，并给出了NA列强大数律成立的若干条件，特别建立了一般NA列对数律成立的充分必要条件，在二阶矩存在的条件下完整的解决了一般NA列对数律的问题，中文摘要2而已有的一些NA列对数律的结果可以由它推出，给出了NA列的Teiclier型强大数律，表明lbiChCI·（1979）给出的实独立随机变量列的强大数律可以减弱其条件等；建立厂不问分布NA列的Teicfl仪；Egorov，Petrov型有界重对数律，以及加权同分布NA列的有界重对数律，进一步推广了NA列的Kolmogory有界重对数律等，特别对NA列建立了Wittm洲型有界重对数律，而其证明方法与独立情形有很大不同，同时通过反例表明在与独立场合类似的条件下，独立列的Wittmann有界重对数律不能完美的推广到NA歹小惰形；最后研究了NA随机变量级数的收敛速度，给出了尾和下降的阶；尾和的有界重对数律，及尾和对数律成立的充要条件等，并通过反例说明 NA随机变量级数与独立随机变量级数在收敛速度方面存在的差异。

This is not only because of limitations of a statute law but also application of a case can promote achievement of the justice principle of form quality,which accords with the law of inertia.

这不仅是因为制定法具有局限性。而且判例的适用能够促进形式品质的正义原则的实现，符合惯性原理。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。