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This paper discussed the adaption of trematode larvae to the internal and the external environmental factors of the hosts, according to the life cycle process and the characters of larvae is different developmental phase.

根据吸虫的生活史，结合吸虫各蚴期的特点，分析了各蚴期对自然环境和宿主内环境所产生的适应性变化，从而了解寄生虫和宿主的相互适应。

The development speed of gynogenetic embryos was later than that of the control group, and aneuploids were found in this study. The obvious improved survival of trochophore larvae with a peak at 40s UV exposure suggested the presence of a Hertwig effect in the gynogenesis of A. pectinata. When sperms were irradiated for 40s, the cleavage rate was relatively high (51.2%), the developmental rate of D-larvae became zero, and the rate of haploid reached the highest (36.8%).

经紫外线照射的精子受精后所产生的单倍体胚胎发育速度慢于正常受精所产生的二倍体胚胎，各照射组均出现非整倍体。40s照射组中卵裂率达到51.2%，D型幼虫发生率为0，单倍体率最高，达到36.8%，出现"Hertwig效应"。

After Cryopreservation of embryo and larvae of manina clam Ruditapes variegata, the results indicate the survival rate of blastula embryo and vlegier are significantly better than that of trochophore and D-shaped larvae(P.05); the survival rate of blastula embryo is 42.3%(4.0M DMSO) and the effect of high sucrose density is better than that of low sucrose density with the same DMSO dendity.

对杂色蛤胚胎和幼虫的超低温冷冻保存发现，杂色蛤囊胚和面盘幼虫的保存复活率显著高于担轮幼虫和D形幼虫的复活率(P＜0.05)；杂色蛤囊胚的解冻复活率达42.3％(4.0M DMSO)，相同DMSO浓度条件下，高蔗糖浓度组保存效果好于低蔗糖浓度组，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)；在相同蔗糖浓度条件下，抗冻液中DMSO浓度较高组的保存效果好于DMSO浓度较低的组，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)。

In this paper, we studied M. meretrix ferritin, cathepsin B and caspase genes, which are involved in clam larval shell formation, nutrition, metabolism and apoptosis, respectively. We have cloned the three genes, investigated the temporal and spatial expression profile both at gene and protein level in trochophore (L1), D-veliger (L2), pediveliger (L3) and postlarvae (L4). The potential roles of these proteins were analyzed with specific inhibitors during larval development. Firstly, embryos were found developed into trochophore-like larvae with no shell if cultured at gastrula stage in artificial seawater without iron. Shell-like structures were formed only in the presence of iron. The larvae which had been transferred at L1 stage into ASW developed normal shell. This indicated that iron and iron associated protein are important for larval shell formation. The EST sequence which is homologous with ferritin, which is a principal iron metabolic protein, was selected from the M. meretrix cDNA library. The full-length of ferritin subunit cDNA was cloned by RACE. The results of real-time PCR revealed that the MmeFer mRNA expression changed before and after the larval shell formation.

本论文以文蛤幼虫为研究对象，分别对文蛤幼虫发育过程中贝壳形成相关的铁蛋白、营养及变态相关的组织蛋白酶B及变态过程中细胞凋亡相关的caspase三个基因进行了克隆，分析了基因及编码蛋白在担轮幼虫期(L1)、D形幼虫期(L2)、壳顶幼虫期(L3)和稚贝期(L4)的时空表达特征，解析了其可能的功能，并研究了相应酶类的特异性抑制剂作用对幼虫发育过程的影响，进行了目标蛋白的功能验证，详述如下：研究结果显示，在文蛤胚胎发育到原肠胚时放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养，发育成无壳的畸形，随着人工海水中铁离子添加浓度的升高，幼虫长出壳状组织接近正常状态；而发育到L1期幼虫放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养却可以发育出正常的壳，推测铁和铁代谢相关蛋白在幼虫贝壳初始形成有重要的作用。

The safety concentration of ammonia nitrogen on the zoea larvae, mysis larvae and postlarvae was 0.295mg/L, 0.724mg/L, 1.072 mg/L respectively, and that of sulfurated hydrogen was 0.0430mg/L, 0.0553mg/L, 0.0705mg/L.

氨氮和硫化氢对日本对虾蚤状幼体、糠虾幼体和仔虾的安全浓度分别为：0.295，0.0430；0.724，0.0553；1.072，0.0705mg/L。

Based on the two cruises investigation in Acipenser sinensis Natural Reserve and its adjacent waters (31°19.58'N-31°38'N, 121°32.08'N-122°11.65'E) in May and August 2004, the seasonal variations of species composition and quantitative distribution of fish eggs and larvae in the study area were studied, with the relevant environmental affecting factors analyzed. The results showed that in study area, the species composition and quantitative distribution of fish eggs and larvae varied remarkably in different seasons.

根据2004年5月和8月共2个航次对中华鲟保护区及其邻近水域16个定点观测站进行的鱼卵和仔鱼调查资料，对该水域鱼卵仔鱼的种类组成和数量分布的季节变化特征以及有关的环境影响因子作了分析和探讨。

Polyhedrin and virion, which were isolated and purified from Agrotis setegum nuclear polyhedrosis virus, are administered to 3-instar Heliothis armigera larvae with Heliothis armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Both polyhedrin and virion could increase mortality of H. armigera larvae, shorten half mortality time and decrease half mortality concentration.

对黄地老虎核型多角体病毒的多角体蛋白和病毒粒子组分进行分离纯化，分别与棉铃虫核型多角体病毒混合感染三龄棉铃虫幼虫，发现此二种组分均能够提高棉铃虫幼虫的死亡率，缩短半致死时间，降低半致死浓度。

In this thesis, the biology peculiarity of Galleria mellonella Linne and Achroia grisella Fabr were studied, and how to differentiate the two wax moths were summarized under amalgamating condition. Meanwhile, the biology of Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson 、 thermal threshold and thermal sum for the development、 the parasitize to various instar larvae and various host larvae and functional response to different temperature regimes were investigated.

本文对大蜡螟Galleria mellonella Linne和小蜡螟Achroia grisella Fabr的生物学特性进行了研究，并对在混合发生的情况下，如何区分两种蜡螟进行了总结；研究了两种蜡螟的主要天敌蜡螟绒茧蜂Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson的生物学特性、发育起点温度和有效积温、对不同龄期和不同寄主幼虫的寄生选择性，以及温度对蜡螟绒茧蜂功能反应的影响等。

Coleoptera adults, Araneae, Coleoptera larvae, STYLOMMATOPHORA are earthworm Head, Hymenoptera, Diptera larvae as the common group.

鞘翅目成虫、蜘蛛目、鞘翅目幼虫、柄眼目、正蚓目、膜翅目、双翅目幼虫等为常见类群。

Any of various minute wasp s of the superfamily Chalcidoidea,many of whose larvae parasitize the larvae of other insects.

小蜂小蜂总科的一种体态微小的蜂虫，许多此类昆虫的幼虫寄生于其他昆虫的幼虫内

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。