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Taking landscape pattern fractal model and Landsat TM/ETM images in 1995 and 2000 as the basic data,the spatialtemporal database of land use in Chongqing City was established; and using fractal model of landscape pattern,fractal dimension and stability index of landscape pattern,landscape diversity index,landscape apartness index,landscape fragmentation index,landscape evenness index and landscape dominance index were obtained.

采用1995和2000年Landsat TM/ETM影像为基础数据，提取并建立土地利用空间数据库，应用景观空间格局分形模型，获取景观类型的分形维数和稳定性指数以及景观多样性指数、分离度指数、破碎度指数、均匀度指数和优势度等指标。

Landscape pattern analysis based on landscape metrics is a basic content of the research on landscape ecology. More and more researches proved that not only scale effects and the precision of remote sensed data had significant influence on landscape metrics, but also the difference of land use classification would make the change of landscape metrics. However, we still have not found out how land use classification affects landscape metrics and associated influence mechanism.

基于景观格局指数的空间格局分析是当前景观生态学研究的重要基础内容，不仅数据源准确度、尺度效应显著影响景观格局指数，土地利用类型划分也对景观格局指数具有显著影响，但我们对这种影响的总体理解尚很缺乏。

Based on the understanding and interpretation of terms like landscape, landscape planning, ecological planning, and landscape ecological planning, this paper made a deep analysis on aspects of landscape planning in Netherlands, which is the pioneer of landscape ecological planning, from the perspectives of management system of landscape planning, landscape perception of Netherlander, features of types of landscape, landscape assessment, and landscape system.

荷兰是世界景观生态规划的先行者和领导者，本文在对景观、景观规划、生态规划、景观生态规划几个词进行辨析的基础上，首先介绍了荷兰的自然地理环境，进而对荷兰的景观现状、景观规划管理体系、荷兰人的景观感知、各种景观的特点、景观价值的评估以及景观系统进行分析，以此来解读荷兰景观生态规划的种种特点。

Since 1994, Shang Yang adopted more striking visual patterns in his paintings to reveal the crisis in the post-modern world and its squeezing of human mind, for instance, the profile of volcanoes (see 94 Great Landscape-I, 94 Great Landscape-II, 94 Great Landscape-III, Great Landscape of Diagnosis-I, Great Landscape of Diagnosis-III, Great Landscape of Diagnosis-IV), pathologic roentgenoscopy film of human bodies (see Great Landscape of Diagnosis-V) and lungs in medical mobiles.

为了以更触目的视觉样式呈现后现代世界的危机和它对人心的挤压，尚扬的大风景在1994年后成了火山内部剖面中的景观（见《94大风景-1》《94大风景-2》《94大风景-3》《大风景诊断-1》《大风景诊断-3》《大风景诊断-4》），成了由人体的病理透视胶片组构的内部影像（见《大风景诊断-5》），成了以医疗教学挂图式的肺部风景。

The main study areas are as follows: 1 The landscape classification system of the urban-rural ecotone is set up based on the studying on land-use type of urban area and rural area, and then it is used to establish a regional landscape data warehouse for deposition, modification and management; 2 A group of landscape structure and pattern indices and patch area spectrum analysis methods are used to describe the structural and heterogeneous characters of all the landscape elements from different aspects; 3 The temporal and spatial difference of the landscape pattern of main road belts of the research area are also analyzed with the same method. Their basic process and regularity of urban axial expanding of the southwestward of Shanghai City are initially knewn well; 4 According to the traits of the ecotone, the principles and basis of vegetation classification, the ecotone vegetation classification system is set up, its species constitute, community patch characters, the relationship between vegetation types and landscape categories are analyzed, meanwhile, the vegetation sample maps are made; 5 Based on above studies, some landscape ecological stratedies within the research area were discussed. The following are the results of this study

城乡交错带地区的景观分类，在对城市地区和农村地区的土地利用类型研究的基础上建立了城乡交错带的分类体系，并在此基础上用ARC＼INFO软件分时段、分区、分要素建立研究区的景观图形数据库，对数据进行存储、修改和管理；2）利用多种景观结构、格局指数和斑块面积谱分析方法，从不同的侧面对各种景观组分的结构以及区域的景观格局特征进行了分析，并对其成因进行了探讨；3）利用相同的分析方法，分析了城乡交错带中的城市干道两侧的景观格局特征的空间和时间分异情况，初步掌握上海城市西南轴向扩张的基本过程和规律；4）对城乡交错带中非独立的景观要素-植被，研究其遥感图象信息的基本特征，建立适合区域特点的植被分类体系，并在样区中建立了植被图形数据库和计算机制图，分析了植被景观种类组成、斑块等级等特征以及与不同景观的相互关系；5）在上述研究的基础上，对研究区内的景观生态对策进行了研究。

Beijing is provided with typical urban landscape, forest land is the maximal and basal landscape patch type (area proportion 42.534%), glebe field (28.754%),spinney land and urban (26.912%) and town residential landuse (10.344%) are main landscape patch categories in Beijing. From landscape, landscape patch types and landscape patch categories levels, landscape patch distributing centralize, and patch shape is simple, main landscape patch fractal dimension indexes are under 1.1, so urban landscape pattern is high influenced by human disturbance.2. From 1985 to 2007, Beijing landscape pattern variational characteristics are as follows:(1) During 1985-2007, patch types and categories change is little, but area and patch number of patch types and categories change distinctly. Town residential landuse area increased 7.66% of Beijing total area, farmland and forest land area decrease in the mass. The total patch number increased at first then decreased. taking one with another, the total number is decreasing, and patch number of farmland and forest land are most distinct.

本研究的主要研究结果如下：1、北京市具有典型的城市景观特征，林地用地的面积占市域面积的42.534%，为基质景观斑块类型，旱田(28.754%)、灌木林(26.912%)、城镇用地(10.344%)是北京市主要景观斑块种类；从景观、景观斑块类型以及景观斑块三个层次的研究均表现出北京市各景观斑块类型及景观斑块集中分布的现象十分突出，斑块形状简单，主要景观斑块种类的景观分维度指数值均不足1.1，表明城市景观格局受到了较大的人为影响。2、北京市1985-2007年间城市景观格局的主要变化特征表现为以下几个方面：(1)在研究时段内，北京市景观斑块种类变化不大，景观组分面积和斑块数变化明显，其中最为显著的是北京市城镇建设用地面积呈单纯的增加趋势，增加幅度为北京市总面积的7.66%，农业用地与林地的面积虽呈波动变化但总体呈减少趋势；景观斑块数量先增后降，总体呈下降趋势，其中耕地与林地斑块数的变化最为明显。

According to landscape ecology, in accordance with the theory of urban planning, ecology and landscape, and based on qualitative and quantitative analysis, the paper firstly analyses landscape ecological construction indicators about green space such as landscape composition, landscape diversity index, landscape dominance index, landscape evenness index, landscape fragmentized degree, landscape corridor density, and public green plot area etc., and start the research of landscape ecological construction of green space system in Zhengzhou.

本文从景观生态学出发，结合城市规划、生态学、园林学等学科理论，采用定性分析与定量分析相结合方法，初次分析了郑州市绿地景观构成、绿地景观多样性指数、绿地景观优势度指数、绿地景观均匀度指数、绿地景观破碎度、绿地景观廊道密度及公共绿地斑块面积等景观生态建设指标，开启了郑州市绿地景观生态建设方面的研究工作。

Comparing the landscape types of 1995 with that of 2005, we find out that:①the natural arbors are decreasing, with patches more fragmentation, size more odds, shapes more complex;②the area of natural shrubberies is increasing, with patches less fragmentation, shapes more simple and formulary ,the size of patches more even;③the area of natural grasses is increasing, with patches less fragmentation, shapes of patches more odds;④the area of timbers is increasing, with patches more dominance in landscape, more connectivity;⑤the area of Eucalyptus increases, with patches less fragmentation, shapes of patches more complex , more convergence, more connectivity;⑥the area of orchards is increasing, more connectivity;⑦the patches of the rubber is becoming more assemble, more connectivity, more formulary;⑧the area of plowland increases;⑨the area of reservoirs, rivers and ponds increases, with patches more assemble;⑩the area of cities decreases, with patches more dispersing, with shape more complexthe area of countries increases, with patches less connectivity, more dispersing, with shape more complex; the patches of the rest lands are more dispersing, with shape more complex;(3)In the process of economic development in the upper reaches of the Changhuajiang river watershed, a series of the ecological environment problems have appeared because a lot of landscape function broke off, and the connection of human landscape with natural landscape decreased, which aroused by the fragmentation of natural and semi-nature landscapes increased, the stability of the landscape structure decreased, as well as stress of human disturbance, resource and environment upon the landscape increased gradually.

3昌化江上游流域在经济发展进程中，自然与半自然景观破碎度增加，自然景观结构稳定性下降，人为干扰、资源和环境对景观胁迫逐渐增大，中断了许多生态过程，导致城市等人文景观与自然景观连接度很差，产生了一系列的生态环境问题。

Result shown: value of fractal dimension is a comprehensive index, which reflect the changes of landscape, patch areas, patch numbers, area per patch, and their interaction. And the index can reflect the irregular degree and the complex degree of landscape patch in dumping place. The fractal dimension of mixed vegetation of arbors – shrubs and mixed vegetation of shrubs maintain the high level, while fractal dimension of new reclamation land and grass land are low. The difference of other type landscape fractal dimension is not significant. Vegetation landscape is influenced by many kinds of factors. It is primarily influenced by surface material composition and terrain in south and west dumping place, which diversity index is high. It is primarily influenced by vegetation type in inner dumping place and expanded west dumping place. The landscape multiplicity index of the mixed vegetation of grass and shrubs is higher than other landscape type, but landscape dominance index of this area maintains on the lower level.

结果表明：分维数的大小反映了景观斑块面积、斑块数量和平均斑块面积等因素的相互作用，反映了排土场内景观斑块的不规则程度和复杂程度；乔灌混交地和灌木混交地保持着较高的分维数，新造复垦地和草地的分维数较低，其它景观类型的分维数则差别不大；植被景观受多种因子的影响，在南排土场、西排土场受地表物质组成和地形的影响为主，其多样性指数较高，在内排土场、西排扩大区受植被类型的影响为主；草灌混交地的景观多样性远高于其它现有的复垦植被区，但其景观优势度则保持在较低水平上。

On the landscape level, the regional landscape heterogeneity is increased and the connectivity reduced, which presents the increase of Shannon's diversity index and Evenness Index, decrease of dominance index and increase of fragmentation index. On the class level, it shows that human disturbance on landscape is intense during the past five years, anti the disturbance to artificial landscape mote intense luau that on semi-natural landscape, which means that the fragmentation index of semi-natural landscape is relatively smaller while that of the artificial landscape is larger.

从景观水平上看，区域景观异质性在增大，景观斑块的连通性降低，表现为多样性指数和均匀度指数呈增加，优势度指数减小；从类型水平上看，5年间人类对景观的干预程度较大，对人工景观的干扰强于半自然景观，体现在半自然景观类型的分离度较小，而人工景观类型的分离度较大。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。