查询词典 land mine

The second chapter describes the formation of the pool of state controlled lands and the establishment of land market. The third chapter analyzes the government policies regarding land sale from the Independence to 1850s and the federal government"s diversified land distribution polices in the latter half of the 19th century. In the Forth chapter, the author assesses how American government" s land policies assisted the development of agriculture, communications and transportation, western urbanization and the formation of a national market. Chapter Fivediscusses the controversial issues of the land speculation and The Homestead Law, which affected the governments land policies.

全文分五章：第一章简要介绍美国土地问题的研究概况；第二章描述了美国建国以后国有土地的形成和国有土地市场的建立；第三章分析了美国建国后至十九世纪中期联邦政府以销售为主的土地政策，以及十九世纪后半期联邦政府多元化的土地分配政策；第四章从农业、交通运输业、西部城市化、国内统一市场四个方面入手，分析了土地政策对西部开发的推动作用；第五章对与土地政策密切相关的、学术界争论较大的土地投机问题和《宅地法》进行了简评。

As a result of the land market is still in the initial stage of development, especially throughout the land after a frenzy of speculation in disguise beyond the operating state of land use rights tender auction listing to sell the land market system, as well as straighten out several times, etc. large-scale special rectification activities, building in the land market and achieved marked results, but there are some that can not be ignored the issue of land transfer agreement.

由于土地市场仍处于发展初期，尤其是整个土地后，疯狂的投机变相超越了经营状况的土地使用权招标拍卖上市出售土地市场体系，以及整顿了好几次，等大型专项整治活动，建立土地市场，并取得了明显成效，但也有一些不容忽视的问题，土地转让协议。

The results show that the cultivated land area in Wanzhou will slightly decreased while the construction land will slightly increased,forest land will increased dramatically,and it is difficult to improve the ecosystem service value by single increasing the wetland area.Grassland ecological restoration and increasing orchard area will improve the ecosystem service value by comprehensive treatment of geological hazards and soil loss.The ecosystem service theory value in Wanzhou is 11.89 billion yuan each year,the correction value is 10.64 billion yuan each year,and the present value is 9.65 billion yuan each year.This shows the ecological restoration has good economical efficiency.The optimization of land use structures based on ecosystem service value could satisfy the development of social economy with land demand,and realized the benefit of ecology and economy inphase,the study supported a new way to solve the key technical problem in land use programming in China.

计算结果表明：（1）规划期内万州区耕地面积略有减少，建设用地面积有所增加，林地面积有较大幅度增加，大规模增加湿地面积提高土地生态功能价值则难以实现；（2）地质灾害与水土流失综合治理、草地生态系统修复以及适当增加园地面积，能够提高万州区土地生态功能价值；（3）万州区土地生态经济理论价值为11888亿元/a，修正价值为10644亿元/a，均高于现状值9653亿元/a，土地生态修复与建设的生态经济效益可观；（4）基于生态系统服务价值的土地利用结构优化，能够满足社会经济发展对土地的需求并同步实现生态经济效益的最优，为解决土地利用规划中的关键技术问题提供新的方法。

As land development business investors and land users, who urgently need to understand and grasp the market price of urban 1and and 1and distribution, l and assets to determine their volume and 1and development investment; As land owners and managers to develop land price policy, regulatory and macro-management of land, Cities also need to grasp the dynamics of land distribution and premium changes for scientific decision-making.

作为土地开发经营的投资者和土地使用者，他们迫切需要了解和掌握城市土地的市场价格和地价分布，以利于其确定土地资产量和进行土地开发投资；作为土地所有者和管理者，要制定地价政策，进行地价调控和宏观管理，也需要把握城市地价的分布和地价的动态变化，以便进行科学决策。

But in China, to the land leaseholder, the land investment value is less than the land intrinsic value, and the land does not possess the characteristic of financial asset on the system of separation between land ownership and land-lease right.

在中国现行土地所有权与使用权相分离的国情下，对于土地使用者而言，地产的投资价值要远小于地产的内在价值，地产不具有金融资产的特性；土地的剩余使用年限是决定地产投资价值的重要因素，地产投资价值随着土地使用期限的临近而呈现递减趋势。

But in China, to the land leaseholder, the land investment value is less than the land intrinsic value, and the land does not possess the characteristic of financial asset on the system of separation between land ownership and land-lease right. With such system, the rem...

在中国现行土地所有权与使用权相分离的国情下，对于土地使用者而言，地产的投资价值要远小于地产的内在价值，地产不具有金融资产的特性；土地的剩余使用年限是决定地产投资价值的重要因素，地产投资价值随着土地使用期限的临近而呈现递减趋势。

According to some literature, there is a nonlinear relationship between the land area and the land value. Land value will enhance with an increasing pace as land area increase in the beginning. However, as land area keeps increasing, the land value will only enhance with a decreasing pace. Namely, the plattage phenomenon will follow the plottage phenomenon.

相关研究指出土地面积与地价应该呈现非线性关系，随著丘块面积增加，土地价格将先以递增的速率增加，之后再以递减的速率增加，即基地面积规模不经济和基地面积规模经济现象。

Ccording to some literature, there is a nonlinear relationship between the land area and the land value. Land value will enhance with an increasing pace as land area increase in the beginning. However, as land area keeps increasing, the land value will only enhance with a decreasing pace. Namely, the plattage phenomenon will follow the plottage phenomenon.

bstract：相关研究指出土地面积与地价应该呈现非线性关系，随著丘块面积增加，土地价格将先以递增的速率增加，之后再以递减的速率增加，即基地面积规模不经济和基地面积规模经济现象。

The results indicated:（1）the combination of the Markov and spatial logistic models can improve the predictability of each model individually. In macroscopic scale, the total land use amount can be predicted via Markov chain; in microscopic scale, the multi-class multinomial logistic model can be used to implement the combined calculations of categorical variable and continuous variable, qualitative variable and quantitative variable to improve the precision of spatial regression. Meanwhile, the transition probability of each land use unit will be confirmed and the prediction of land use spatial distribution will also be completed.（2）the application system developed in accordance with the integrated model can effectively simulate and predict the land use evolution in Shenzhen City, and the prediction precision of verification system will suffice for recent land use monitoring and the making of annual land supply planning.

研究结果：（1）空间Logistic和Markov模型集成可提升单一模型的应用能力，宏观上利用Markov Chain进行土地利用规模总量预测，微观上利用多分类Multinomial Logistic模型解决分类变量与连续变量，定性变量和定量变量的联合解算提高空间回归精度，同时可以确定每一个土地利用单元转移概率，实现土地利用空间分布的预测；（2）基于集成模型开发出的应用系统能够有效仿真和预测深圳市土地利用演化，通过验证系统预测精度能够满足近期土地利用预警和年度土地供应计划编制。

As the innovation of the paying land using system deepening, many academicians have studied intensively on the appraisal of urban benchmark land-value, however, because there is large otherness in all regions of cities, in the idiographic remise and attorn, it is very difficult for the benchmark land-value to guide and control the land price, the influence factors of the land price are complicated and are difficult to be appraised, so the research on the land price appraisal is very little.

随着土地有偿使用制度改革的深入，许多学者对城市基准地价评估工作进行了深入的研究，然而，由于城市内部各区域的差异性很大，在具体的出让、转让活动中，基准地价很难指导、控制宗地地价，而且宗地地价的影响因素复杂，评估困难，因此研究亦少。

"Bird Man's Diary, Butting on the Love Island", Changsha, China

2008年"鸟人日记，顶在爱情岛"，中国长沙

As long as they were in the service of a family of wizards, their magic would remain dormant.

只要他们一天为家庭服务，他们的法力就潜藏不动。