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The plant expression vectors were constructed and two genes were transferred into A. thaliana and N. tabacum, antikanamycin plants were obtained.4. The trials of adventive bud regeneration directly and callus induction was conducted to select out the optimal explants and formula. The results revealed that double scale can produce 13~16 adventive buds per centimeter in MS medium added 10.0 mg/L 6-BA, 1.0 mg/ L NAA, 40 g/L sugar and 7.5 g/L agar. Scale, leaves, scape and different tissue of flower can be induced to produce callus in appropriate medium, but the filament with anther was the optimized explant.

构建了两个基因的pBI121和pCAMBIA1300植物表达载体，并通过农杆菌将上述基因转入烟草和拟南芥中，得到了卡那抗性的再生植株。4、以中国水仙不同部位外植体进行了不定芽直接分化和愈伤组织诱导分化试验，结果表明，双鳞片外植体在MS0+6-BA 10.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖40 g/L+琼脂7.5 g/L培养基上可以大量地直接再生，再生芽数量平均可达13~16个/cm双鳞片，比传统的鳞茎盘之间分化提高30~50%；鳞片、叶片、花葶及花部不同组织在适宜的配方中均可不同程度地诱导出愈伤组织，但以带花药的花丝诱导出的愈伤组织最好。

Results: The linearity range for the determination was 10~1500 μg/L for sulfanilamide, 50~1500 μg/L for sulfathiazole, 10~1500 μg/L for sulfamethoxazole and 10~1500 μg/L for sulfamethazine.

结果：磺胺、磺胺噻唑、磺胺甲恶唑和磺胺甲嘧啶的线性范围分别是：10~1500μg/L、50~1500μg/L、10~1500μg/L、10~1500μg/L；检出限分别为：8.3、12、7.9、9.1μg/L；回收率为

The pollinated cut plant, cultured in solution with 100 mg/L 2,4-ID, 40 g/L sucrose, 10 mg/L silver nitrate, 8 mI/I. sulfurous acid and 3 g/L calcium phosphate, produced the highest embryo rate, higher and more stable caryopsis rate.

因此，小麦×玉米杂交后24 h割穗，杂交穗在含有100 mg/L 2，4-D，40 g/L蔗糖，10 mg/L硝酸银，8 mL/L亚硫酸和3 g/L磷酸二氢钾的培养液中培养，单倍体胚诱导效果最好。

Inconclution, for produce Aesculus hippocastanum L in a mass, we should induce secondary somatic embryos with integral somatic embryos, the suitable culture medium is MS+KT 0.1mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L or MS+ZT 0.1mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L.

综合上述研究结果，为大规模生产欧洲七叶树，以完整的体细胞胚诱导次生胚效果最好，合适的培养基为MS+KT 0.1mg／L+NAA 0.01 mg／L或MS+ZT 0.1mg／L+NAA 0.01 mg／L。

In the RAPD system of Bryaceae the optimal concentration of template DNA was 2ng/μl, primer 0.4μmol/L, dNTP 0.2mmol/L, Mg2+ 2mmol/L, Taq DNA polymerase 1.25U, total volum 25μl. Several DNA samples were selected to choose the compatible primers.

通过单因素和正交试验对影响RAPD的因素进行考查，建立了优化的RAPD反应体系：dNTP为0.2mmol/L，随机引物0.4μmol/L，Taq DNA聚合酶1.25U，Mg2+为2mmol/L，模板DNA为50ng，扩增体系为25μl。

The dosages of additives were determined as 5 mg/L K4Fe6, 5 mg/L2, 2'-dipyridyl, 10 mg/L L-arginine, and 5 mg/L 2,2'-dipyridyl +10 mg/L L-arginine.

添加剂最佳使用量分别为：5 mg/L亚铁氰化钾；5 mg/L2，2'-联吡啶；10 mg/L L-精氨酸以及二元复合添加剂5 mg/L2， 2'-联吡啶＋10 mg/LL-精氨酸。

Factors that influence percentage of transformation including time of preculture, dipping and coculture, type and content of antibiotic, day of delayed selection culture, intension of selection were studied. The effective transformation system of "Starkrimson" was developed as follow: Leaves precultured in darkness for three days were dipped into agrobacterium suspension for three minutes, then were cocultured in darkness on MS medium with TDZ0.5mg/L and NAA 0.3mg/L for three days, and then cultured in darkness on MS medium with TDZ0.5mg/L NAA0.3mg/L and Cef 250mg/L.

通过对叶片预培养时间、侵染时间、共培养时间、抑菌素种类和浓度、延时筛选时间、不同选择压等遗传转化影响因素的研究，建立的'新红星'苹果遗传转化体系为：叶片黑暗预培养3天，经农杆菌侵染3分钟，在含TDZ0.5mg/L，NAA0.3mg/L的MS培养基上黑暗共培养3天，然后加250mg/L Cef黑暗维持培养3天，再进行Km12.5mg/L的选择压黑暗培养至抗性愈伤出现；转为光照条件1-2次的继代筛选，获得抗性芽后，进行扩繁。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Results In the 100 cases, there were 38 cases with bacterial infection (n=38) and the other 62 neonates without bacterial infection (n=62). There were 72 cases with hsCRP level below 2.25mg/L (hsCRP≤2.25mg/L) and 11 cases in the range of 2.26mg/L to 7.99mg/L. The cap level of 17 cases was above 8mg/L (CRP≥8mg/L). The sensitivity and the Youden index of hsCRP for the diagnosis of focal bacterial ingection were higher than others.

结果 本组细菌感染38例，非细菌感染62例。hsCRP≤2.25mg/L者72例，2.26~7.99mg/L者11例，传统CRP≥8mg/L者17例；血常规阳性者22例，阴性者75例。hsCRP诊断细菌感染的敏感性和约登指数高于另外两种检测标准。

Methods Six adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: group A (n=3) and group B (n=3). 2μl volume of 0.8mmol/L and that of 1.6mmol/L aqueous solution of MnCl2 was injected into the vitreous body of the left eye of group A and group B respectively.

6只Wister大鼠，随机分为两组，每组3只，一组左侧眼球玻璃体内注射0.8mmol/L MnCl2 2μl，一组左侧眼球玻璃体内注射1.6mmol/L MnCl2 2μl，用1.5T超导磁共振扫描，观察视觉传导通路的显示；一周后6只大鼠右侧外侧膝状体注射1mmol/L MnCl2 1μl，观察视觉皮层的定位。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。