查询词典 judicial review

As there is the difference between the judicial review about the administrative affirmance of facts in administrative litigation and the review about the affirmance of facts in civil litigation and criminal litigation and there is the difference between the judicial review and the administrative affirmance of facts, on the premise of the necessary respect for the administrative affirmance of facts, courts should, based on whether the process of the administrative affirmance of facts and the putative facts is rational or not, adopt different judicial review standard to the different generic problem of administrative facts .

正由于法院在行政诉讼中对行政机关认定事实的司法审查，有别于刑事、民事诉讼的事实认定，行政诉讼中的事实审查也不同于行政机关的事实认定，因此，法院应当在尊重行政机关对事实问题所作出判断的基础上，以行政机关认定事实过程及其推定的事实是否合理为基点，针对个案具体情形的差异，采用不同的审查标准，对不同类的行政事实问题予以审查。

The practices of the power of detention and search back to the court indicated that the mechanism of the judicial review could protect the accused and the common citizen against the inurbane infringe of the national power,while the rough practice of the judicial review on the arrest and detention in Russia bear out that the realization of the judicial review should overcome many difficulties,especially change the old structure of national power and establish the new one.

我国台湾地区羁押权、搜查权收归"法院"的成功实践表明，司法审查机制能够成为保护被追诉者乃至普通公民免受国家权力无理侵犯的甲胄；俄罗斯建立法院对逮捕、羁押的司法审查机制的艰难实践却证明，司法审查制度最终得以实现需要突破重重难关，尤其是改变旧的权力格局，确立新的权力结构。

Article 30 For a reauthentication, a judicial authentication institution on the list of judicial authentication institutions other than the original authentication institution shall be commissioned, or, as a client agrees, the original judicial authentication institution may be commissioned, which shall designate a qualified judicial authenticator other than the original judicial authenticator to conduct the reauthentication.

第三十条重新鉴定，应当委托原鉴定机构以外的列入司法鉴定机构名册的其他司法鉴定机构进行；委托人同意的，也可以委托原司法鉴定机构，由其指定原司法鉴定人以外的其他符合条件的司法鉴定人进行。

Where a judicial authenticator proposes to recuse himself or herself, the judicial authentication institution employing him or her shall decide it, where a client requests the recusal of a judicial authenticator, the client shall propose it to the judicial authentication institution employing the authenticator, and the judicial authentication institution shall decide it.

司法鉴定人自行提出回避的，由其所属的司法鉴定机构决定；委托人要求司法鉴定人回避的，应当向该鉴定人所属的司法鉴定机构提出，由司法鉴定机构决定。

The text is on one hand, adopt the method of comparative study and the method of historical study to analyze the evolution of history and present condition of judicial interpretation in China and the west two major law system. On the other hand, adopt the analytic method to analyze the present condition of judicial interpretation in China. Proceeding the research for the hot and controversial questions of judicial interpretation from the academic angle to deepen the understanding in judicial interpretation. At last, the author puts forward to the imaginings of perfecting the Chinese judicial interpretation.

本文一方面，采取比较研究的方法和历史研究的方法对中国与西方两大法系司法解释的历史发展及现状进行分析；另一方面，采用归纳分析的方法对当代中国司法解释的现状深入剖析；并从理论的角度对司法解释的几个热点争议问题进行研究，以加深对司法解释的了解，从而提出完善中国司法解释的法治设想。

According to the problems and shortages exited in the first national judicial cxalnination,author suggests that the system sheRid be perfected in the following three aspects:first,on the basis of lower condition for the entrance of the examination and lower matriculating score,We should keep the balance of right and obligation;second,we could deepen the judicial officials and personal system at the turning point of establishing the national judicial examination system;third,We should perfect the existing judicial unitary examination system through the combination of unitary examination and unitary study so that the purpose of practicing the national judicial examination system can be fulfilled much better.

针对首届国家统一司法考试存在的问题及不足，笔者建议从三处着手进行完善：首先，在放宽报名条件和降低录取分数线上应讲求&权义平衡&；其次，以国家司法统一考试制度为契机深化司法官人事制度改革；最后，以&统一考试+统一研修&的结合来完善现行的司法统一考试制度，使国家实行司法统一考试制度的目的能更好地实现。

Article 1 In order to standardize the judicial authentication activities of judicial authentication institutions and judicial authenticators, ensure the quality of judicial authentication, and ensure the smooth conduct of litigation activities, these General Rules have been made in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on the Issues concerning Judicial Authentication Administration and the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations.

第一条 为了规范司法鉴定机构和司法鉴定人的司法鉴定活动，保障司法鉴定质量，保障诉讼活动的顺利进行，根据《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》和有关法律、法规的规定，制定本通则。

Hereby, on the one hand fact review should reflect the judicial function that judicial authority should oversee the administrative affirmance of facts, on the other hand judicial authority should scrupulously abide by the limit and the standard of review to the affirmance of fact administrative organs have made.

因此，一方面事实审查应当体现司法审查职能，对行政机关的事实判断必须进行审查；另一方面法院对行政机关认定事实的审查应恪守一定的限度和遵从一定的标准。

After systematicallyinvestigating relations between judicature and administration in Continental and Commonlaw system,the article points out that Anglo-American judicial review is in nature a kindof appellate review and intensity of judicial review is weak whereas administrativelitigation of continental legal system is akin to the administration and intensity of judicialreview is strong.

文章系统地考察了英美和大陆两大法系行政与司法的关系，指出英美司法审查本质是一种上诉审，法院的审查强度相对要弱；而大陆法系的行政诉讼具有类似行政的性质，法院的审查强度比英美强大。

Article 73 No judicial official shall be summoned, arrested, detained, prosecuted or tried civilly or criminally by or at the instance of any person or authority on account of judicial opinions rendered or expressed, judicial statements made and judicial acts done in the course of a trial in open court or in chambers, except for treason or other felonies, misdemeanor or breach of the peace.

第73条：除非叛国或犯其他重罪、轻罪或破坏和平，法官不因其在公开开庭或法官办公室中的司法言论或司法行为而遭到民事或刑事的传唤、逮捕、拘留、起诉或审判。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48