查询词典 judicial precedent

Hereby, on the one hand fact review should reflect the judicial function that judicial authority should oversee the administrative affirmance of facts, on the other hand judicial authority should scrupulously abide by the limit and the standard of review to the affirmance of fact administrative organs have made.

因此，一方面事实审查应当体现司法审查职能，对行政机关的事实判断必须进行审查；另一方面法院对行政机关认定事实的审查应恪守一定的限度和遵从一定的标准。

So,in order to establish an effective judicial system with a Chinese character and form a strong judicial power with reason and democracy as the soul and value orientation.safeguarding the social stabilization and social harmonization basing on the reason and democracy will inevitably be the starting point and terminal point of Chinese judicial power study.

因此，建设一个具有中国特色的有效的司法制度，形成一个以理性与民主精神为灵魂和价值取向的强大的司法权，维护理性与民主基础上的社会稳定与社会和谐，必然是研究中国司法权问题的出发点和归宿点。

The Conflicts and Inosculation between Judicial independence and Judicial SupervisionJudicial independence and judicial supervision are regarded as the basic requirement for the society by law.

的确，在中国这个国家历史背景下谈"法治"，不是单纯地依法治国问题，而是在现有的权力结构模式下，以新的游戏规则——法律为依据，实现对权力的重新分配，因为比起单纯的人治来说，法治侧重的是社会的稳定和利益的平衡。

The practices of the power of detention and search back to the court indicated that the mechanism of the judicial review could protect the accused and the common citizen against the inurbane infringe of the national power,while the rough practice of the judicial review on the arrest and detention in Russia bear out that the realization of the judicial review should overcome many difficulties,especially change the old structure of national power and establish the new one.

我国台湾地区羁押权、搜查权收归"法院"的成功实践表明，司法审查机制能够成为保护被追诉者乃至普通公民免受国家权力无理侵犯的甲胄；俄罗斯建立法院对逮捕、羁押的司法审查机制的艰难实践却证明，司法审查制度最终得以实现需要突破重重难关，尤其是改变旧的权力格局，确立新的权力结构。

The modern judicial ideas in China should include as follow: society and right orientation in judicature, the neutralism and independence in judicial position, the procedurism and economical efficiency in judicial process and the acceptability and authority of judicatory results.

我国司法理念的构建必须理清普遍性与特殊性的关系，具体包括：司法定位的社会性和权利性，司法立场的中立性和独立性，司法过程的程序性和经济性，司法结果的公正性和权威性。

In the starting procedure, the author puts forward the thoughts of adjusting and perfecting the judicial expertise through its submittion or decision to submitting, appraisal upon entrustment and acceptance, etc. In performing stage, there should be in three aspects for adjustment and perfection, ie, perfecting the control system to the judicial expertise act, standardizing the standard of judicial expertise and improving its operating rules. As to the later stage procedure, this part mainly gives out the train of thought on supplementary expertise and reexport is ing, and then puts forward the standpoints about expert witness bearing witness in courts and also the legal consequences of violating expertise procedure.

在开始程序中，笔者从司法鉴定的提请、决定、委托、受理等方面提出了调整与完善的构想；在实施程序中，提出了主要应从三个方面来调整与完善，即完善司法鉴定实施活动的监督制度、规范司法鉴定的标准、完善司法鉴定的操作规程；在后续程序中，主要论述了补充鉴定和重新鉴定的改革思路Z 接着对鉴定人出庭作证以及违反鉴定程序的法律后踉出了自己的观点。

Hard case;judicial philosophy;judicial activism;judicial self—restraint

疑难案件；司法哲学；司法能动主义；司法消极主义

To overcoming these obstacles and realize the judicial independence, we should take the following measures: making the law suability, implementing the constitutional position of the judicial authority, standardizing courts management system and fostering modern judicial culture.

并提出要克服这些障碍实现司法独立应从以下几方面入手：一是赋予法律可诉性；二是落实司法机关的宪政地位；三是规范法院管理体制；四是培育现代司法文化。

It is applicable to those cases, in which the value of the object of action is little and the disputes are trivial in character. Its establishment is helpful to simplify judicial proceedings, eradicate judicial delay, minimize judicial costs, and speed up the trial of cases. Hereby, it will not only promote the public to get close to the judiciary and take advantage of the legal weapon, but also help the court solve quickly civil disputes. Thus, the procedure makes civil trials develop for the need of social development.

设立民事简易程序的意义在于针对所适用的案件诉讼标的额小、争议不大的特点，简化诉讼程序，消除诉讼拖延，降低诉讼成本，加快案件审理进度，由此不仅有益于促进民众对司法的接近和利用，也有益于法院迅速审结民事案件，从而使民事审判更加适应社会发展的需要。

The Chinese judicial interpretation, because of the ancient clan system grade idea and the thought of the "imperatorial power highest" and the influence of the current system, lacks the organism contact with concrete case law application. And the judicial interpretation separate alienation performance as a kind of independent power with judicial power, not the means to conducting and realizing the purpose of law application.

中国的司法解释，由于受宗法等级观念和&皇权至上&的思想以及现行制度体制的影响，司法解释与具体案件法律适用缺乏有机联系，而且司法解释与司法权相分离，异化表现为一种独立的权力，而不是作为实现法律适用目的的手段。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48