查询词典 judicial precedent

It presents that the theory of fraus omnia corrumpit as theory basement of evasion of law has serious logical paradox and therefore it brings a series of problems in judicial practice. It is neither advantageous in protecting international civil and commercial actors' lawful benefit nor convenient in judicial operation in various countries and causes privity unstable.

指出&欺诈使一切无效&这一法律规避无效论的理论基础存在着重大的逻辑悖论，并由此带来司法实践中一系列的问题，既不利于保护国际民商事当事人的合法权益，也给各国司法带来操作上的困难，从而导致法律关系的不稳定。

The ma jor matters of the reform of judicial system are: the strengthening of judicial independence, the improvement of the quality of judges,etc.

在各种法律制度的变革中，与社会实践和百姓生活关系最为密切的司法制度的改革，自然成为人们关注的焦点。

So, detailed legislative provisions of the "interpretation" on how to apply a law or how to apply a law to a particular kind of cases or issues are as same as the legislative "regulation" aiming at legislative blank are actually lawmaking, and the Supreme People's Court should not do them; reform judicial interpretation of "reply" and make it be apt to legal comprehension and application; absorb judge-made law reasonable factors and endow the typical cases of the Supreme People's Court with judicial interpretative effect.

因此，对某一法律或者对某一类案件、某一类问题如何适用法律的立法条文式的细化性&解释&和针对立法空白直接做出的立法性&规定&，其实质仍是一种立法活动，最高人民法院应当取消；改革&批复&形式的司法解释，使之更倾向于对法律的理解与适用，而不是案件结果的处理；吸收判例法的合理因素，赋予最高人民法院的典型案例以司法解释的效力。

Therefore in this paper myself brief analysis officer of the court (various Grass-roots court, public security, each kind of people discussing dispute which Redressing committee's staff) could often meet is the key point, elaborated some question which could meet in each kind of mediation work activity, to the judicial mediation system, the judicial mediation's principle, the function, the mediation work's matters needing attention, how as well as to regard the mediation in civil action's function practice the common force mediation, this mediation not to give the mediation, the unprincipled mediation or "smooths over differences", the long accent several questions not definitely to make the superficial analysis.

因而在此论文中本人浅析了法律工作者（各基层法院，公安，调解委员会的工作人员）都会常遇见的各类民商纠纷为重点，论述了一些在各类调解工作活动中都会遇到的问题，对司法调解制度，司法调解的原则、作用，调解工作的注意事项，以及如何看待调解在民事诉讼中的作用实践中常见的强迫调解、该调解的不予调解、无原则调解或&和稀泥&、久调不决的几个问题作出了肤浅的分析。

The fourth part is the core content in this article, in which the writer introduced the counter-domestic violences legislation content as well as the legal problem needed to solve The author has carried on the following exploration to it: First, the author believed that, legislation of the domestic violence must bear the brunt be clear about the limitative definition and the scope of domestic violence. Second, the consummation about legal intervention mechanism of family violence is seriously necessary, so the author introduce some valuable experience about oversea counter-domestic abuse method here, in judicial intervention there are the civil protection command, the appeal system, the judicial correcting and punishment system, the evidence system, and the establishment with special domestic violence court and so on. All are the effective sharp weapon to preventing and controlling domestic violence.

第四部分是本文的核心内容，具体论述了完善反家庭暴力立法和健全家庭暴力法律干预机制需要解决的法律问题，笔者对此进行了如下探索：首先，完善家庭暴力立法应当首当其冲明确界定家庭暴力的定义和范围；其次，笔者从民事、刑事救济两方面论述了健全家庭暴力法律干预机制，必须借鉴国外反家庭暴力法的一些宝贵经验，其中司法干预中制定民事保护令，公诉制度，司法矫治处分制度，证据制度、和设立专门家庭暴力法庭等都是有效防治家庭暴力的利器。

However, practical constraints mean that some citizens resort to other means of dispute resolution than the judicial or quasi-judicial process.

但现实的制约使得一些公民采取司法程序及准司法程序之外的渠道解决此类纠纷。

Final administrative decisions in any of the procedures referred to under paragraph 4 shall be subject to review by a judicial or quasi-judicial authority.

经本条第4款所指的任何程序做出的终局行政决定，均应接受司法或准司法当局的审查。

The arbitration awards should be supervised by judicial power because of its quasi-judicial character.

4《中华人民共和国仲裁法》第十五条规定：中国仲裁协会是社会团体法人。

The arbitration awards should be supervised by judicial power because of its quasi-judicial character. But it may be inappropriate that the arbitration awards are supervised by justice not only on substances but on procedures.

我国《仲裁法》所建构的对国内仲裁进行实体性和程序性全面司法监督的体制，在现实中存在监督不当的可能，更重要的是与仲裁制度本质以及与民事诉讼机制平衡关系等存在抵触。

In this paper, the judicial practice in the application of quasi-national staff of the criminal law of corruption, legislation and judicial interpretation to explain specific cases encountered or may encounter the problem, in theory, be explained and applied to specific cases of legal ideas and value judgments, with a view to give the work of criminal justice practices, especially in the fight against economic crimes, the work of staff to provide some suggestions and comments.

本文对司法实务部门在适用有关准国家工作人员贪污犯罪法条、立法解释和司法解释处理具体案件过程中遇到或可能遇到的问题，在理论上予以阐释并提出适用于具体案件的法律理念和价值判断，以期能给刑事司法实务工作人员特别是从事打击经济犯罪工作的人员的工作提供一些建议和意见。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48