查询词典 judicial authority

Law is superior to administrative power, the constitution has the highest authority, and person or group should not outmatch the law; democratic legislation requires that the legislative body should be born of universal and periodic elections and its main tasks include setting up laws and supervising the administration; judicial branch is independent and has high position and authority, also practises judicial review to prevent arbitrary violation of the constitution; check and balance institutions among different branches of the government to prevent that a single branch has too much or monopolistic power.

现代法治虽无划一的模式，各国历史条件和文化传统也存在诸多差别，但所采取的基本原则和制度大体一致，主要是法律大于行政权力，宪法具有至高无上的权威，任何人和团体不得凌驾于法律之上；立法民主，由拥有广泛代表性和定期选举阐述的立法机构制定法律、监督行政；司法独立、拥有崇高地位和权威，并且实行防止随意违宪的司法审查制度；政府各权力机构间实行牵制与平衡，以防止单个机构权力过大。

As there is the difference between the judicial review about the administrative affirmance of facts in administrative litigation and the review about the affirmance of facts in civil litigation and criminal litigation and there is the difference between the judicial review and the administrative affirmance of facts, on the premise of the necessary respect for the administrative affirmance of facts, courts should, based on whether the process of the administrative affirmance of facts and the putative facts is rational or not, adopt different judicial review standard to the different generic problem of administrative facts .

正由于法院在行政诉讼中对行政机关认定事实的司法审查，有别于刑事、民事诉讼的事实认定，行政诉讼中的事实审查也不同于行政机关的事实认定，因此，法院应当在尊重行政机关对事实问题所作出判断的基础上，以行政机关认定事实过程及其推定的事实是否合理为基点，针对个案具体情形的差异，采用不同的审查标准，对不同类的行政事实问题予以审查。

So,in order to establish an effective judicial system with a Chinese character and form a strong judicial power with reason and democracy as the soul and value orientation.safeguarding the social stabilization and social harmonization basing on the reason and democracy will inevitably be the starting point and terminal point of Chinese judicial power study.

因此，建设一个具有中国特色的有效的司法制度，形成一个以理性与民主精神为灵魂和价值取向的强大的司法权，维护理性与民主基础上的社会稳定与社会和谐，必然是研究中国司法权问题的出发点和归宿点。

The Conflicts and Inosculation between Judicial independence and Judicial SupervisionJudicial independence and judicial supervision are regarded as the basic requirement for the society by law.

的确，在中国这个国家历史背景下谈"法治"，不是单纯地依法治国问题，而是在现有的权力结构模式下，以新的游戏规则——法律为依据，实现对权力的重新分配，因为比起单纯的人治来说，法治侧重的是社会的稳定和利益的平衡。

The practices of the power of detention and search back to the court indicated that the mechanism of the judicial review could protect the accused and the common citizen against the inurbane infringe of the national power,while the rough practice of the judicial review on the arrest and detention in Russia bear out that the realization of the judicial review should overcome many difficulties,especially change the old structure of national power and establish the new one.

我国台湾地区羁押权、搜查权收归"法院"的成功实践表明，司法审查机制能够成为保护被追诉者乃至普通公民免受国家权力无理侵犯的甲胄；俄罗斯建立法院对逮捕、羁押的司法审查机制的艰难实践却证明，司法审查制度最终得以实现需要突破重重难关，尤其是改变旧的权力格局，确立新的权力结构。

In the starting procedure, the author puts forward the thoughts of adjusting and perfecting the judicial expertise through its submittion or decision to submitting, appraisal upon entrustment and acceptance, etc. In performing stage, there should be in three aspects for adjustment and perfection, ie, perfecting the control system to the judicial expertise act, standardizing the standard of judicial expertise and improving its operating rules. As to the later stage procedure, this part mainly gives out the train of thought on supplementary expertise and reexport is ing, and then puts forward the standpoints about expert witness bearing witness in courts and also the legal consequences of violating expertise procedure.

在开始程序中，笔者从司法鉴定的提请、决定、委托、受理等方面提出了调整与完善的构想；在实施程序中，提出了主要应从三个方面来调整与完善，即完善司法鉴定实施活动的监督制度、规范司法鉴定的标准、完善司法鉴定的操作规程；在后续程序中，主要论述了补充鉴定和重新鉴定的改革思路Z 接着对鉴定人出庭作证以及违反鉴定程序的法律后踉出了自己的观点。

Hard case;judicial philosophy;judicial activism;judicial self—restraint

疑难案件；司法哲学；司法能动主义；司法消极主义

It is applicable to those cases, in which the value of the object of action is little and the disputes are trivial in character. Its establishment is helpful to simplify judicial proceedings, eradicate judicial delay, minimize judicial costs, and speed up the trial of cases. Hereby, it will not only promote the public to get close to the judiciary and take advantage of the legal weapon, but also help the court solve quickly civil disputes. Thus, the procedure makes civil trials develop for the need of social development.

设立民事简易程序的意义在于针对所适用的案件诉讼标的额小、争议不大的特点，简化诉讼程序，消除诉讼拖延，降低诉讼成本，加快案件审理进度，由此不仅有益于促进民众对司法的接近和利用，也有益于法院迅速审结民事案件，从而使民事审判更加适应社会发展的需要。

The Chinese judicial interpretation, because of the ancient clan system grade idea and the thought of the "imperatorial power highest" and the influence of the current system, lacks the organism contact with concrete case law application. And the judicial interpretation separate alienation performance as a kind of independent power with judicial power, not the means to conducting and realizing the purpose of law application.

中国的司法解释，由于受宗法等级观念和&皇权至上&的思想以及现行制度体制的影响，司法解释与具体案件法律适用缺乏有机联系，而且司法解释与司法权相分离，异化表现为一种独立的权力，而不是作为实现法律适用目的的手段。

The emergence of the corruption and seeking-lease is related to the executive authoritys" stepping into the market, the problem of Judicial fairness mainly results from the factor that the Judical bremch is intervered by the illegal executive rights, party"s illegal privileges and the innet irregulation coming from the judical branch itself, so Judicial unfairness even Judicial corruption arose.

司法公正问题主要是司法权受到行政权和党的干扰以及司法体系内部问题影响，导致司法不公甚至司法腐败。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48