查询词典 judicial authority

Article 35 The judicial authentication documents shall be signed or sealed by the judicial authenticators.

第三十五条司法鉴定文书应当由司法鉴定人签名或者盖章。

Article 37 Where a client inquires about the process of authentication by or the authentication opinions issued by a judicial authentication institution, the judicial authenticators shall make explanations and statements.

第三十七条委托人对司法鉴定机构的鉴定过程或者所出具的鉴定意见提出询问的，司法鉴定人应当给予解释和说明。

After systematicallyinvestigating relations between judicature and administration in Continental and Commonlaw system,the article points out that Anglo-American judicial review is in nature a kindof appellate review and intensity of judicial review is weak whereas administrativelitigation of continental legal system is akin to the administration and intensity of judicialreview is strong.

文章系统地考察了英美和大陆两大法系行政与司法的关系，指出英美司法审查本质是一种上诉审，法院的审查强度相对要弱；而大陆法系的行政诉讼具有类似行政的性质，法院的审查强度比英美强大。

Judicial powers have vested in many federal and state administrative agencies and such agencies and such agencies also frequently issue rules and regulations which are legislative in character The Senate acts as a judicial body when it tries impeachments of public officers Finally ,courts have promulgated codes of pleading and procedure .which are manifestly legislative in character ,and commonly fashion case law which governs future cases just as clearly as would explicit acts of legislation .

联邦和各州的许多行政机关被赋予了司法权。因此，这些机关往往也了发布规则和法则，从而这种活动就具有立法的性质了。参议院在审理弹劾公务员案件时又是作为司法机关在行事了。最后，法院也颁布了关于辩论和程序的规定（那很明显是属于立法性质的）。而且通常还形成了与有明文规定的立法文件同样明确地适用于今后案件的案例法。

Although both judicial rescue and the legal aid,on the whole,are the judicial system,which safeguard people's legitimate rights,who are in financial difficulties,ensure to realize social fairness and justice,however,due to the difference constituting the subject to perform the two systems,examination procedure,scope of application,condition.etc,the abnormal situation of noncoordination,noncooperation exists.n the course of performance,which affects the functioning of the two systems.

司法救助与法律援助虽然同为保障困难群众合法权益，确保实现社会公平、公正的司法制度，但由于两种制度实施的主体、审查程序、适用范围；条件等不同，造成两种制度在实施过程中出现不协调、不配合的情况，影响了两种制度的功能发挥。

Separation of executive, legislative, and judicial powers The legislative and judicial practice on separation in Hong Kong's marriage and family law is referential.

分居制度是内地没有的法律制度，香港婚姻家庭法上的立法、法经验对内地分居制度的建构有着重要的参考价值。

It destroys the separation of judicial knowledge between appellate and first trial court,the separation of know ledge between judicature and other authorities,and is unlikely to make substantial contribution to the formation of judicial know ledge tradition.

从知识的角度来看，这破坏了上诉审与初审司法知识的分工，以及司法与其他部门知识的分工，不利于司法知识传统的形成；同时也强化了上级法院对下级法院的控制，以及法院与其他部门的同质化。

So to strengthen theoretical study on effectiveness of judicial decisions, to cultivate the ideal of judicial effectiveness of judgement adjusting to modern justice system, is not only the urgent demands both for legislation and juridical practice, but also the external desire to achieve the goal managing state affairs ipso jure.

加强裁判效力理论研究，完善裁判效力法律体系，培养与现代司法相适应的裁判效力理念，既是理论完善的需要，更是立法和司法实践的迫切要求，也是实现我国依法治国目标的客观需要。

It is essential to judicial independence that the process of judicial appointment should never be politicised.

司法任命过程绝不应政治化，这一点对司法独立，至为重要。

The thesis will begin with the introduction of counterpart of English judicial review. According to the unscramble of counterpart prejudication in the history of Britain, I will abstract the logic category of "administrative discretion------the principle of reasonableness", and based on the logic category, I will point out that if want to justify the review of court on the administrative discretion such as "misuse of authority"and "apparently inequitable administrative punishment", we must induct the principle of reasonableness. And based on the material of concrete cases, I will analyze that there still are states of unreasonable execution of administrative discretion in the rest representations of unlawfulness in the 54th provision of our statute law of administrative litigation.

本文首先考察英国合理性审查原则的相关制度，通过解读英国历史上重要相关判例，提炼出"行政裁量权——合理性审查原则"这一逻辑规范范畴，并以此范畴为切入视角，指出，要在理论上正当化法院对"滥用职权"和"显失公正行政处罚"等行政裁量权的司法审查，必须引入合理性审查原则，并以具体案例为材料，通过分析得出，在《行政诉讼法》第54 条的其他违法表现形式中，都有行政裁量权不合理行使的情形存在，并指出，产生这种现象的原因是，《行政诉讼法》第54 条规定的七种违法表现形式采取的是不同的分类标准。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48