查询词典 judicial authority

Under the circumstance, to renew the traditional judicial must deepen the reform on professionalism, specialization, and standardization. On the other hand, resolves the problems following with the excessively bureaucratizing, such as democracy, hierarchy and so on. These tracks include to flat the judicial tissue, improve the democratic participation, decentralize power scientifically for sharing equally in all steps in trial system.

针对我国国情，在对传统司法组织进行改造时，一方面应当继续深化职业化、专业化和规范化改革，另一方面则应当努力解决过度官僚化带来的问题，如民主问题、等级问题等，这些解决途径主要包括：对司法组织进行&扁平化&改造；提高诉讼的民主参与程度；科学分权，均衡各层级法院的权力等。

To deepen the reform of the judicial system, courts at various levels have strengthened the administration of justice and law enforcement, actively implemented the system of choosing and appointing presiding judges and individual jurors, fully carried out the system of public adjudication, perfected the judicial rehabilitation system, and further intensified the internal supervisory and circumscribing mechanism of the courts and the mechanism for correcting errors, thereby effectively safeguarding impartial justice.

各级法院深化司法体制改革，加强审判和执行工作，积极推行审判长和独任审判员选任制，全面落实公开审判制度，完善司法救助制度，进一步强化法院内部监督制约机制和纠错机制，有效地维护了司法公正。

The first part investigates the fundamental issues of the judicial democracy, connoting the definition, characteristics, historical evolution, philosophical foundations, and research value of the judicial democracy, laying the theoretical foundation for the analysis below.

分析公开审判以及陪审制如何体现司法民主的要求和理念，同时，结合我国的公开审判与陪审制进行论述。第三部分阐述司法民主的具体展现形式之二：法官选任、合议制与专家证人。

Judicial activism or judicial self-restraint indicates a judge's ideology while construing law.

司法能动或是司法克制体现了法官释法的意识形态。

Grasping the essential feature makes it easy to make the right judgement on all the problems The author specially notes that the contradictory judicial definitions between the Super Court and the Super Procuratorate is the major reason for the deputes in the judicial practices.

笔者在文中特别强调，&两高&司法解释的矛盾是造成司法实践争议的主要原因，为维护法律尊严，更好地惩治贪污贿赂犯罪，应尽快在司法实践各部门中达成共识。

Chapter 2 Theoretical structure of judicial reform This chapter emphasizes on elaborating theoretical theory concerned with judicial reform.

第二章司法改革的理论架构这一章着重阐述了司法改革所涉及的理论学说。

As the important "cushion" and "lubricating oil" of GATT Dispute Settlement Mechanismand WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanismevolved from power orientation to rule orientation,judicial restraint exists in all stages of GWSM/WDSM of rule orientation,and plays the role gamed with judicial orientation in the way to solve disputes systematically.

1〕从关税与贸易总协定到世界贸易组织，正是由于其争端解决机制的动态发展与不断完善，&才使得GATT机制的运作远比预期的有效，在某种程度上甚至比国际法院运作得更好&；〔2〕124才使得GATT这个&没有牙齿的老虎&逐渐演化成WTO这个&如同装上钢牙的老虎&。

As the important "cushion" and "lubricating oil" of GATT Dispute Settlement Mechanismand WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism evolved from power orientation to rule orientation, judicial restraint exists in all stages of GWSM/ WDSM of rule orientation, and plays the role gamed with judicial orientation in the way to solve disputes systematically.

作为GATT/WTO争端解决机制从&外交取向&向&司法取向&演化不可或缺的&重要缓冲&和&润滑剂&，它不仅贯穿着GATT/WTO争端解决机制&司法取向&的全过程，而且两者的&博弈共存&对国际贸易争端解决方式不断&机制化&从不同侧面发挥着各自的作用。

In terms of the present judicial condition of china,the shortcoming of the judicial system have impended the development of market economy.

效率之所以成为司法改革的目标，最主要的理由是由市场经济的性质决定的。

At present, people gradually realize that all kinds of human rights as integrity has mutual relation, liberal rights and social rights are not two insolated rights, and one could not been protected through separating oneself from another. So, judicial remedy of social rights included class action,social interpretation about civil and citizen rights as well as factual judicial protection of social rights by affirmative action has been generated in some countries and regions.

目前，人们逐渐认识到作为整体的人的各种权利具有相互关联性，自由权与社会权不是孤立的两类存在，无法脱离其中的一类权利来抽象地保护另一类权利，于是，一些国家和地区在可能的范围内发展了社会权利的司法救济，包括集体申诉制度、对公民和政治权利的社会性解释、通过肯定性救济手段给予社会权利以事实上的司法保护与公益诉讼等形式。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48