查询词典 joint liability

Article 152 Where a director or senior manager is under the circumstance as stated in Article 150 of this Law, the shareholder of the limited liability company or joint stock limited company separately or aggregately holding 1% or more of the total shares of the company may require the board of supervisors or the supervisor of the limited liability company with no board of supervisors in writing to file a lawsuit in the people's court.

第一百五十二条董事、高级管理人员有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的，有限责任公司的股东、股份有限公司连续一百八十日以上单独或者合计持有公司百分之一以上股份的股东，可以书面请求监事会或者不设监事会的有限责任公司的监事向人民法院提起诉讼；监事有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的，前述股东可以书面请求董事会或者不设董事会的有限责任公司的执行董事向人民法院提起诉讼。

Article 152 Where a director or senior manager is under the circumstance as stated in Article 150 of this Law, the shareholder of the limited liability company or joint stock limited company separately or aggregately holding 1% or more of the total shares of the company may require the board of supervisors or the supervisor of the limited liability company with no board of supervisors in writing to file a lawsuit in the peoples court. If the supervisor is under the circumstance as stated in Article 150 of this Law, the aforesaid shareholder may require the board of directors or the acting director of the limited liability company with no board of directors to in writing lodge a lawsuit in the peoples court.

第一百五十二条董事、高级管理人员有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的，有限责任公司的股东、股份有限公司连续一百八十日以上单独或者合计持有公司百分之一以上股份的股东，可以书面请求监事会或者不设监事会的有限责任公司的监事向人民法院提起诉讼；监事有本法第一百五十条规定的情形的，前述股东可以书面请求董事会或者不设董事会的有限责任公司的执行董事向人民法院提起诉讼。

Through analysis and arrangement, the main points are listed as the following: First, the rule of power allocation of corporate organs related to compulsive rules should be directly manipulated under law, and those related to "autonomy of will" should be dealt with constitution mandated by the conference of shareholders, which should be stated clearly by law; Second, referring to the content of power allocation of corporate organs, the due difference allocation should be made for limited liability companies and joint stock limited liability companies respectively; Third, the law should confirm the theoretical and practical significance of the expansion of powers of the board of directors, which means division and re-arrangement of the company's powers; Forth, legislation should limit the dominant shareholders' rights in order to secure the automatic ability of company and improve the environment of corporate governance.

本文通过分析整理，得出主要观点如下：（1）公司机关权力配置规则，涉及属于公司"强行性"的规则应由法律直接规制，而属于"任意型"或"赋权型"的规则，可由股东大会授权以章程的形式解决，法律应明确确立该形式的合法地位；（2）针对公司机关权力配置的内容，法律应分别在有限责任公司和股份有限公司之间合理配置和差别配置；（3）董事会权力的扩大是公司权力的分化和权力内容的重新组合，法律应肯定其积极的实践意义和理论意义；（4）立法应限制控股股东的权力，充分保证公司的自治能力，从而改善公司治理结构环境。

In other words, joint offence without joint act does not necessarily bear joint and several liability.

有共同过错但无共同行为的情况不承担连带责任。

Joint act of tort incurs joint and several liability based on the combination of joint offence and joint act.

共同侵权行为产生连带责任，其基础在于共同过错和共同行为的结合。

Joint and several liability is assigned, meaning that a responsible party may be assigned all, or any part, of the liability.

共同和分别承担责任，意味着一个当事人可能要承担所有责任或责任中的一部分。

In the west, most countries and districts adopt joint and several liability for CPA s negligence liability .

对于注册会计师的过失责任应适用连带责任还是比例责任，目前理论界存在争议，而这一问题对于注册会计师的法律风险具有相当大的影响。

There are scholars believe that this property's damages for breach of contract and tort liability of a third person does not constitute a true joint and several liability.

还有学者认为这种物业公司的违约赔偿行为和第三人的侵权责任不构成真正连带责任。

Article 19 Where the shareholders of a limited liability company or the directors and controlling shareholders of a joint stock company or the actual controllers of a company maliciously dispose of company properties and thus cause losses to any creditors after the company dissolution, or fail to make liquidation and cheat the company registration organ to deregister the legal person by means of a false liquidation report, if any creditors claim that the aforesaid shareholders, directors and controlling shareholders or actual controllers shall assume the corresponding civil liability for the debts of the company, the people' s court shall support the claim.

第十九条有限责任公司的股东、股份有限公司的董事和控股股东，以及公司的实际控制人在公司解散后，恶意处置公司财产给债权人造成损失，或者未经依法清算，以虚假的清算报告骗取公司登记机关办理法人注销登记，债权人主张其对公司债务承担相应赔偿责任的，人民法院应依法予以支持。

The fundamentals that the course offered for include the following: development of tort liability, intentional torts, negligence, causation, joint tortfeasors, limited duty, owner's and occupiers of land, defense, strict liability, products liability, defamation, misuse of legal procedure, misrepresentation, interference with advantageous relationships and damages.

希藉英美法院案件解析与相关资料研读、培养学生法学上思考、分析及判断能力，了解英美侵权行为法律体系及其应用；内容包括：侵权行为民事责任沿革、故意侵权行为、过失侵权行为、因果关系、共同侵权行为、传来侵权责任、土地所有/占有人责任、严格责任、产品制造人责任、诽谤、滥诉、不实陈述、新型态侵权行为、抗辩事由、损害赔偿及其他救济途径等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。