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The comparative study and analysis of civilization structure is the key angle to understand the different fate of China and Japan in modernization, but when we look the difference between China and Japan in civilization structure, we should pay attention to the "selfness" of Japan s social structure, rather than to only pay attention to its " westernized character".

人们普遍认为，在东亚文明的大背景之下，中日两国社会结构的差异是两国现代化不同命运的"最深的秘密"和"隐蔽的基础"。因此，关于文明结构的比较分析，便成为中日现代化比较研究极为重要的理论问题。

His major works and commissions include: ' Three Temperaments , for Big Choir ' (1986), ' Counterpoint of Times , for woodwind septet ' (1989), ' Wild Children , for mixed Chamber Ensemble ' (1993), ' Overture , for solo Chinese bass drum and Chinese winds and percussion band ' (1994), ' Intonation , for chamber orchestra ' (1990-1994), ' Flavour of Bashu , for two violins, piano and percussion ' (1995), ' Pole , for solo Chinese Yun-luo, Chinese pai-gu and Chinese bass drum with six percussionists ' (1996),commissioned by Japan Asian Percussion Ensemble, ' Symphonic Prelude --- Bashu Capriccio' (1996), 'The Song Without Words , for solo percussion ' (1997), commissioned by the Ministry of Culture of Japan, Japanese Contemporary Music Association, and Japanese Embassy in China,'Illusions of the Symphonic Stage of Tang Dynast y , for orchestra of Tang Dynasty, percussion, voices and a big choir '(1999), commissioned by Japanese No Music Guanshiliu Green Spring Association, Chinese Music Research Center in Japan, Japanese Asian Percussion Ensemble and Japanese-Chinese Cultural Exchange Association,'The Prospect of Colored Desert , for violin, cello, sheng, pipa and percussion '(2000),commissioned by Yo-Yo Ma, Silk Road Project Inc. of the U.S., Sony Record,'Three Movements of Autumn , for small Chinese instruments ensembl e'(2000) and ' Sound Games , for 5 Chinese Percussion Instruments Players ' (2000-01), commissioned by La Cité de la Musique, Paris "2000 Chinese Classical Music Series", ' Fusion I , for Mixed Chamber Ensemble ' (2002), commissioned by Holland New Ensemble and Atlas Ensemble, ' Fusion II , Concerto for Solo Chinese Percussion and Orch.' (2002), commissioned by Japanese–Chinese Committee of Friendship and Public Music Performance, and ' Fusion III , for Irish flute, accordion, bodhran, Chinese sheng, zheng, Percussion and 13 Strings with Chamber Choir.' (2003-04), commissioned by China-Ireland Exchange Program, ' The Three Images from Washing Painting , for chamber ensemble of 17 players '(2005) commissioned by the New Juilliard Ensemble for the special concert of the Juilliard Centennial and sponsored by Asian Cultural Council and the Guggenheim Partnership and 'The Butterfly Dream', new 7 scenes Opera inspired by KUN QU' (2007) commissioned by the Contemporary Legend Theatre, Taiwan etc.

主要作品及委约包括：《三种气质，无伴奏合唱》(1986)、《时间的对位，木管七重奏》（1989）、《野娃子，混合室内乐队与童声》(1993)、《对话，男声独唱，女高音，童声合唱团，混声合唱团与混合乐队》(1993-94)、《序鼓，独奏中国大鼓、排鼓、云锣与中国民间吹打乐队》（1994）、《吟，室内交响乐》（1990-1994）、《蜀韵，两支小提琴、钢琴与打击乐》（1995）、《极，独奏中国云锣、大鼓、排鼓与六位打击乐演奏家》（1996）、《巴蜀随想，交响序曲》（1996）、《无词歌，打击乐独奏》（1997）（日本国文化厅、日本现代音乐协会、日本国驻中国领事馆等联合委约）、《梦的交响舞台，唐代乐队，打击乐，人声与合唱团》（1999）（日本能乐观世流绿泉会、日本中国音乐勉强会、日本亚洲打击乐团、日中文化交流协会等联合委约）、《舞蹈组曲，大型管弦乐队》(1999)、《漠墨图，小提琴、大提琴、笙、琵琶与打击乐》（2000）（马友友、美国丝绸之路文化发展公司、日本Sony唱片等联合委约）、《秋三阕，9位中国乐器演奏家》（2000）、《响趣，5位中国打击乐器演奏家》（2000）（法国巴黎音乐城"2000中国古典音乐系列音乐会"委约）、《融I ，混合室内乐团》（2002）（荷兰 New Ensemble， Atlas Ensemble联合委约）、《融II ，打击乐协奏曲》（2002）（日本日中友好音乐公演委员会委约）、《融III ，爱尔兰笛子、手风琴、巴朗鼓，中国笙、筝，打击乐，13件弦乐器以及室内合唱团》（2003-04）（爱尔兰国家文化委员会、爱中2004文化交流年组委会委约）、《水墨画意三则，为17位演奏家的室内乐团》（2005）（美国朱丽亚音乐学院新室内乐团委约，美国亚洲文化基金会和美国古根海姆基金支助）及《梦蝶，七场新昆剧》（2007）等。

With the translation of Buddhist scriptures into Japan's gradual understanding of the "China" and began referring to the use of such air and sea in its master of poetry,"Ling-set","China is Taiwan's Yue Man sequence" of the sentence, of course, at that time "Shina language with a copy of the translators Buddhist usage, but is not common reason for this is has always been to China, said the Japanese usually morokoshi, tohn, and so on, these are the Japanese characters for" Don "the pronunciation Generally reflect the Chinese culture, especially culture of the Tang Dynasty of Japan's far-reaching impact on later Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties change, said Japan can not change China as "Don" habit did not change the Japanese Chinese culture of respect, admiration psychological. In 1713, Whitehead Arai from Edo shogunate orders, inquiries were drifting in Rome to talk too much about the history, a lot of opportunity to understand the world situation, a reference to China's "Kun Maps", Prepared for a title,"Song laid Introduction," in the world geography, history and more from his Department to listen to on the pronunciation of chi-na, to use katakana and that in the lower left-hand corner is attached to "Shina.

随着佛经的译入，日本逐渐了解"支那"所指并开始使用，如海空大师在其诗集《性灵集》中，有"支那台岳曼殊序"之句，当然，那时"支那一语带有模仿佛经译者的用法，但并不普遍，究其原因，主要是一直以来，日本人通常称中国为morokoshi、tohn等，这些都是日本人对汉字"唐"的读音，大体反映了中国文化，特别是唐朝文化对日本的深远影响，以致后来宋、元、明、清历代更迭，都无法更改日本人称中国为"唐"的习惯，也没改变日本人对中国文化崇敬、羡慕的心理。1713年，新井白石奉江户幕府之命，查询罗马的漂流者史多提，趁机了解了不少世界情势，参考了中国的《坤舆图说》，编写了一本题名为《宋览导言》的世界地理书，他把从史多提处听来的关于chi—na的读音，用片假名来表示并在左下角附以"支那字样。

Photograph by George F. MobleySkiers dot the slopes in this night view of the Happo-One Ski Resort in the Japan Alps' Hida Range near Tokyo, Japan.Skiing was brought to Japan in 1911 when the imperial general staff asked the Austrian Army for help training ski troops.

这是一幅夜景滑雪者像圆点状在一处斜坡面滑行在Happo-One Ski Resort位于日本阿尔卑斯山的Hida Range靠近东京日本。1911年滑雪运动使得日本皇帝的将军向奥地利军队协助训练化学的军队。

Mobley Skiers dot the slopes in this night view of the Happo-One Ski Resort in the Japan Alps' Hida Range near Tokyo, Japan. Skiing was brought to Japan in 1911 when the imperial general staff asked the Austrian Army for help training ski troops.

这是一幅夜景滑雪者像圆点状在一处斜坡面滑行在Happo-One Ski Resort位于日本阿尔卑斯山的Hida Range靠近东京日本。1911年滑雪运动使得日本皇帝的将军向奥地利军队协助训练化学的军队。

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Japanese scholars of Japan and South Korea proposed a three-tunnel routes, two from Kyushu in Japan through the Tsushima Strait Karatsu Geoje Island, South Korea, one from Japan to Pusan, South Korea Karatsu, submarine length between 128-148 km, than the distance between China and South Korea are also much closer, but still is the famous Anglo-French tunnel four times.

日本学者提出的日韩海底隧道路线有3条，两条从日本九州的唐津市经对马海峡到韩国巨济岛，一条从日本唐津到韩国釜山，海底长度在128公里至148公里之间，比中韩之间的距离也近许多，但仍是著名的英法海底隧道的4倍左右。

However, when entering the post cold-war period, because of Japan's vague attitude towards Taiwan position and also when China sees the obvious advanced development of Taiwan-Japan relations, it causes China to doubt that the "Taiwan complex" of Japan towards Taiwan hasn't vanished.

但是进入后冷战时期，因为日本对台湾地位持有这种模糊的态度，当中共目睹台日关系的发展明显的增长，让中共怀疑日本对台湾的「台湾情结」尚未消失。

From the point of industrial organization, the corporation monopoly character of Japan's model of capitalism implies that the enterprise group, the main composition and basic feature of Japan's industrial organization, is itself dependent on corporation monopoly and the essential context of corporate monopoly; meanwhile, the fundamental position of the zaibatsu circle and financial institutions embodies also the corporation monopoly feature of Japan's industrial organization system in current situation.

在宏观调控层面，日本资本主义模式的法人垄断特性主要体现在：财界作为法人垄断资本及其集团的代表对日本政党、政治和政府的高度操纵；日本政府宏观经济职能的强化，要以法人垄断为基础和条件；在宏观调控过程中形成的财政赤字危机，其实质也在于法人垄断；而政府宏观金融调控的有效实施，则依赖于以法人垄断为主要特征的日本式金融体制。

Factories outside Japan should therefore be expanded at the cost of factories inside Japan, says CLSA Japan auto analyst Christopher Richter, echoing 1930s-era autarkic sentiments.

因而，丰田公司应将其在日本国内生产外销汽车的工厂迁至海外。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。