查询词典 isothermal

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

Marc software, the two-dimensional simulation of isothermal extrusion forming process of globoidal cam was made. The influence of the different model cavity concave wedge angle a on the performance of filling billets was analyzed. It provided an important basis for the realization of cambered cam isothermal compression and the optimization of die structure.

用MSC。 Marc软件对弧面凸轮等温挤压成形过程进行了二维模拟，具体分析了不同凹模型腔楔角α对坯料填充性能的影响，为实现弧面凸轮等温挤压成形和优化模具结构提供了重要依据。

Uses as the isothermal quench salt stove when arranges fast cold package four which in crucible the heat-resisting stainless steel makes, and the installment has the electrically operated reciprocation swinging type material frame on the furnace body, the work piece places in material, in the nitre salt fluid the reciprocal motion, achieves the average temperature, the isothermal quench effect.

作为等温淬火盐炉使用时在坩锅内布置耐热不锈钢制成的速冷包四个，并在炉体上安装有电动往复摆动式料架，工件放在料架中，在硝盐液中往复运动，达到均温、等温淬火效果。

The decomposition and burning kinetics specific properties of 6 kinds of samples were investigated in different temperature ranges by the isothermal and non-isothermal gravimetry experiments.

通过恒温和非恒温热重实验，研究6种废弃塑料在不同的温度范围内热解和燃烧的动力学特性并计算了在不同温度范围和不同加热方式下的动力学参数。

According to the results,100℃ isothermal annealing is the most effective,and the time of isochronal annealing is the shortest.The acceleration factor could be determined via the comparison of 25℃ with 100℃ isothermal annealing.

研究表明：10 0℃等温退火是最有效的，等时退火所需的全过程时间最短，通过 2 5℃与 10 0℃等温退火结果的比较，可以确定此种器件的加速因子。

During the past long period, much progress has been realized on the study of the retrieval of LST based on remote sensing, and many algorithms for the LST retrieval have been developed. However, in these algorithms non-isothermal mixed-pixels are all treated as an isothermal and homogeneous surface, which caused directly the results that the LST obtained by these algorithms is only an average temperature of mixed-pixel.

在过去很长一段时间里，地表温度的遥感反演取得了长足的进展，发展了大量的反演算法，但是这些算法都把普遍存在的非同温混合像元视为同温同质体，直接导致反演所得的只是物理意义模糊不清的混合像元的平均温度。

Its physical model is put forth:"Out of an element of the isothermal surface of non-penetrate material covered airtightly by a perfect reflector, the emission is the one of blackbody at the temperature of the isothermal surface."

第二类黑体辐射源概念和物理模型的提出是在他人早期实践及初步模型的基础上抽象而成。

The differential exhumation caused by the NNE-trending faults probably continued all the way from the 180℃isothermal surface, through 110℃isothermal surface to the 70℃isothermal surface. At 90Ma, Dabie orogen"s average height of topography, compared with the current sea level, reached 1.45 km (when geothermal gradient is chosen as 25℃/km) or 1.75 km (when geothermal gradient is chosen as 20℃/km), which is 4(when geothermal gradient is chosen as 25℃/km) or 5(when geothermal gradient is chosen as 20℃/km) times of the height of today"s surface topography in simulated region.

这种由于NNE向断裂系引发的差异推隆剥露，可能从等温面180℃锆石(U-Th／He的封闭温度、经过110℃(磷灰石裂变径迹的退火温度)一直延续到70℃等温面磷灰石(U-Th／He的封闭温度大别造山带90Ma时与现今海平面相比地形平均高度可达1.45km(地温梯度取25℃／km时)或1.75km(地温梯度取20℃／km时)，是现今模拟区域地形平均高度的4倍(地温梯度取25℃／km时)或5倍(地温梯度取20℃／km时)。

Langmuir isothermal absorption equation for unimolecular layer was analyzed. Based on the data obtained from the isothermal absorption experiments for caramel and alkaline degradation products to glucose on fresh calcium phosphate precipitates in sugar solution with different mass concentrations, a mathematical model describing isothermal absorption for this kind of fresh solid phase in multi-component liquid phase was established by modern computer technology.

通过分析单分子层等温吸附Langmuir方程，以不同质量浓度蔗糖溶液中新生磷酸钙固相对焦糖、葡萄糖碱性降解物的等温吸附实验数据为基础，利用现代计算机技术建立了描述这类新生固相在多组分液相中的等温吸附过程的数学模型。

Seven polyimides were synthesized and their films were uniaxially stretched to observe the variation in their in-plane birefringence. The creep method of DMA was used instead in stretching the PI films. The preload force and isothermal temperature were the two controlled factors that were chosen on the basis of the lowest stretchable force and lowest temperature for each PI structure. The elongation ratio of a PI film was then decided by the stretching time.

在此是以DMA 的另一种试片拉伸方式-Creep模式，来取代之前的Stress Relaxation模式对PI薄膜试片进行拉伸实验，Creep模式是以最低的拉伸力量及最低的拉伸温度的前提下，选择Pre-load Force与Isothermal Temperature这二项为拉伸控制因素，在此状态下的PI薄膜拉伸比是取决於其拉伸的时间，此种拉伸模式将可得到较高的拉伸比，而高的拉伸比是获取较高薄膜双折射率的必要条件。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。