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The homologies between the Leishmania isolates in China and the reference strain of WHO were analysed on the basis of determination of a repetitive sequence of Leishmania. The repetitive DNA fragments of the Leishmania isolates were amplified by PCR and their sequences were determined by using the PCR products.

目的 通过分析和比较我国利什曼原虫分离株与相应的利什曼原虫世界卫生组织参照株在一种DNA重复序列上的同源性以考察这一DNA重复序列应用于鉴别我国利什曼原虫的价值。

Isolates from different geographic areas and even some isolates in the same area showed considerable amount of DNA polymorph ism.

不同地区的分离株甚至同一地区的某些分离株存在相当大的DNA多态性。

Since 1995, more than 100 virus isolates were obtained from proventriculus of the chickens infected with TP. 13 isolates were identified by EM observation and chicken embryo propagation as IBV.

1995年以来，先后从临床上表现TP的病鸡腺胃组织内分离到100多株病毒，选择其中的13株进行了电镜观察和鸡胚传代，初步鉴定为IBV。

Further comparison of the vascular bundle sheath sclerenchyma cell deterioration in separate plants infected with an additional four CTV isolates, CTV-2, T-TX8, T-TX9 and T-TX24 showed that there were significant differences in scleranchyma cell deterioration in principal lateral vein, midvein, petiole, and healthy control with all four CTV isolates (P=0.000 1, F=80.60, df= 47). Healthy plants had no such sclerenchyma cell deterioration.

CTV-2、T-TX8、T-TX9 、T-TX24等另外4个柑橘速衰病毒株系分别侵染后，主支脉、中脉、叶柄维管束鞘厚壁细胞的衰退与对照差异显著(P=0.000 1， F=80.60， df= 4，7)，健康植株厚壁细胞没有退化。

While nine Korean isolates were similar to the Japanese isolate red sea bream iridovirus, one isolate was distinct from other iridovirus isolates.

而韩国真鲷虹彩病毒的10个株系和日本株系比较相似，其中一个病毒株系和其他株系明显有别。

Since 1997, the goose flocks in some regions of South and East China have experienced severe outbreaks of Newcastle disease virus infection. The results of the in vitro tests indicate that the goose isolates have stronger ability to induce syncytium formation, when compared to chicken and pigeon isolates.

1997年以来我国华南和华东部分地区发生了由新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus， NDV)导致的鹅的临诊疾病，而且发现鹅源NDV在体外具有比鸡源和鸽源毒株更强的致细胞融合的能力，这表明NDV的抗原可能发生了变异。

And, among the antagonistic isolates 9 isolates were observed to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporium, a causal agent of banana wilt, and the inhibition rates were from 80% to 100%. According to the fundamental biological characteristics, the 9 endophytic bacteria belong to the genera, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Alcatigenes and Burkholderia. The tests showed that the hyphae of pathogen had different degrees of tumefaction and rupture.

初步测定结果表明，这些分离物的基础生物学特性的分类地位初步归属为不动杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、短杆菌属、产碱杆菌属和伯克霍尔德菌属细菌。9份分离物与病原真菌菌丝体对峙培养镜检结果表明，供试的9种病原真菌菌丝体均出现不同程度的肿胀与断裂。

The oxygen uptake activity using Triton X- 100 as substrate in a resting cell experiment demonstrated that one of the isolates, P nitroreducens TX1, showed the highest activity to transform Triton X-lOO, 528 nmole/min/g cell wet weight among the isolates. The generation time of strain TX1 was only 1.2 h by using 0.5% of Triton X-100 as sole carbon source in MSB medium. Furthermore, this strain could even grow on the Triton X-l00 at a concentration of IO%-2O%.

本研究藉由测定各菌株分解TritonX-100时的氧气消耗活性发现，编号82.10.6之菌株，经鉴定并命名为P.nitroreducens TX1，每克湿重的菌株具有528 nmole /min的高耗氧活性，尤其，该菌株以0.5%的TritonX-100培养时，世代时间仅为1.2小时，即使在10%-20%的Triton-X-100的培养环境中亦能维持生长，在过去相关研究中均尚未发表有此一特殊之生长特性。

Seven major bacterial isolates were obtained and purified. Their 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR for sequencing and their identities were determined with homology comparisons. Five of the seven isolates belong to Actinomycetales including Kocuria KD139, Rhodococcus KD140, Rhodococcus KD142, Arthrobacter KD230, and Arthrobacter KD232; one is classified as Bacillus d KD178; and another one as Stenotrophomonas KD237. The phylogenetic tree was also constructed based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences.

通过对分离菌株的16S rRNA基因序列进行分析，发现其中5株细菌分别属于放线菌目的考克氏菌属(KD139)、红球菌属(KD140和KD142)和节杆菌属(KD230和KD232)， 1株细菌属于杆菌目的芽胞杆菌d属(KD178)，另外1株细菌属于黄色单孢菌目的寡食单胞菌属(KD237)；同时我们构建了系统进化树，确定分离菌株的相对进化地位。

And genetic analysis and mapping of avirulence genes from the cross between M. grisea isolates were also studied for aiding to the positional cloning and further functional studies of avirulence genes.A total of 482 isolates were collected from 13 areas in China. Each isolate was subjected to DNA fingerprint analysis using pot2-rep-PCR.

同时，通过获得与稻瘟病菌无毒基因紧密连锁的分子标记，不仅可利用该无毒基因的标记作探针，研究该无毒基因在自然群体中的分布情况，揭示病菌群体毒性组成和变异特点，且为进一步物理作图法克隆该无毒基因奠定基础。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。