查询词典 irreversible

The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

The higher its concentration, the greater the warming - and, more important still, the greater the chance of triggering something grave and irreversible: rising sea levels due to the melting of Greenland's icecap; runaway release of methane in the tundra.

而二氧化碳的浓度越高，气温就会越高--更重要的是，还可能引发某些更严重、更不可逆转的变化：格陵兰冰盖的融化造成海平面上升；冻土地带的甲烷失去控制释放出来。

The result could be a virtual genocide of much of the animal world and an irreversible impoverishment of our planet.

结果可能是动物王国的大部分已名存实亡，而且我们这个星球的贫瘠将不可挽回。

In the real world, however, all real thermodynamic processes are irreversible since the rate of exchange between the system and the environment is not infinitesimally small, the system does not maintain internal equilibrium, an the process duration is finite.

然而在现实中，由于系统和环境之间的热交换速率不可能无限小，系统不可能保持内平衡，且过程经历的时间是有限的，因此实际热力过程都是不可逆的。

Considering the ease of oral administration, the infrequency of serious irreversible side effects, and the rapidity of response permitting early stem cell collection, the combination of thalidomide-dexamethasone may well represent the treatment of choice for myeloma patients with disease of low or intermediate tumor mass.

若考虑口服药物的方便性、少见严重的不可逆副作用，以及早期的快速干细胞收集等优点， Thalidomide与dexamethasone的合并疗法或许能提供带有中等大小骨髓瘤患者另一个不错的治疗选择。

The two irreversible factors in the cycle: thermal resistance and internal loss of the ferroelectric, are taken into account.

得到新的优化准则及一些重要新结论，诸如求得循环的最大输出功率及其相应的效率、电流和特征参量等。

With the deepening of economic integration and financial globalization, banking internalization has become an irreversible trend.

随着经济一体化和金融全球化的不断深入，银行国际化已逐渐成为一种不可逆转的趋势。

The results show that the experimental results are in good agreement with the values of viscosity in a part of temperature range that has been reported, with the relative error of less than 2.5%; In the process of ascent and descent temperature, the irreversible phenomenon of the curve of viscosity versus temperature V presents interzone characteristic, and the break of viscosity at critical temperature reflects jump change of melt structural information; It is one to one correspondence between viscosity and atomic size, and this relation is consistent with the Hall-Petch formula in expression way.

结果表明：实验结果与已报道的部分温度区间内的黏度值基本一致，相对误差低于2.5％；升温和降温过程中，黏度－温度关系曲线V的不可逆现象具有区间特征，临界温度时黏度的突变反映出熔体结构信息的跳跃变化；黏度与原子集团尺寸之间存在一一对应关系，该关系在表达上符合Hall-Petch公式。

The former, intracranially complements patients some factors, most frequently with TH gene to compensate scanty of intrastriatal DA and improve the symptoms of the patients, while have little resistance to the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons; The latter provide variety of neurotrophic factors, most specific being the glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor , to protect the residual DA neurons in the nigrostriatal system from further pathogenic injuries, while have little benefit to those DA neurons with irreversible damage, and them cannot offset the already-existing symptoms.

前者是给宿主脑内补充某些因子，主要是DA合成过程中的限速酶TH基因，以补充纹状体内DA含量的不足，减轻患者的症状，但对DA能神经元的进行性退变没有治疗效果；后者则是提供各种神经营养因子其中最具特异性的为GDNF，以保护黑质一纹状体系统内剩余的DA能经元免受病因的继续损害但对已发生不可逆性损害的DA能神经元并无拯救作用，无法消除已出现的症状。

On the basis of algebra invariant theory, the expression of Helmholtz's free energy for orthotropic material considering damage effect was derived. Then, the corresponding constitutive relationship and damage evolution equations were obtained, based on irreversible thermodynamics theory.

基于代数不变量理论，推导了具各向异性损伤的正交各向异性材料的Helmholtz自由能的表达式，同时应用不可逆热力学理论，建立了其损伤本构关系及损伤演化方程。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。