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Presumably, other divalent ions are also "complexed" by the citrate ion.

据推测，其他二价离子也被柠檬酸盐离子复合了。

In order to improve the impurity control and to increase the interaction of ions with neutral gas in the FEB divertor, the divertor is optimized to be the close type in the engineering design rather than the open one in the conceptual design.

在FEB-E设计阶段，偏滤器从开放式固定板靶优化为封闭式气体靶，以改善偏滤器的杂质控制和增加离子与气体的相互作用。

SEM and XRD reveal that the CA crystallized film have larger grains and lattice constant of garnet than the RTA crystallized film, which implies that in the CA crystallized film more bismuth ions substitute into the dodecahedral site in the garnet structure.

至于两种薄膜的法拉第旋转峰的偏移，初步认为是由于两种薄膜的石榴石相晶格大小不同，造成晶体场强度的不同，使得与磁光跃迁相关的基态和激发态之间的能量差有所差异。

It was also found that the film of smaller grains corresponded to a smaller lattice constant of the garnet structure, which implied that fewer Bi〓 ions substituted into the dodecahedral sites in the garnet, due to the fact that the smaller grains resulted in more grain boundaries, thus leading to more serious Bi segregation in the grain boundaries.

分析表明，细小的晶粒意味着薄膜中含有更多的晶界，这样将导致Bi组分在晶界上的偏析较显著，而进入石榴石结构中氧十二面体间隙的Bi〓较少，对于Bi，Al∶DyIG来说，石榴石相晶格常数与{Bi〓}〓呈正相关关系，由此可以解释具有细小晶粒的薄膜对应较小的石榴石相晶格常数。

The resulting materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance and Photoluminescence. Those spectra reveal that by adding SiO2 to YAG:Ce precursor, the lattice constant decreases while vacancies are generate due to the co-dopant ions (Si4+) replaces in the place of Al3+ sites of YAG:Ce system. YAG:Ce phosphors with Y3+ dodecahedral site replaced by Ce3+ and diffused effectively as an activator, as a result the photoluminescence intensity increased about ~20-30%.

研究成果显示，掺杂SiO2之YAG：Ce萤光粉经过高温热处理后，由X光绕射、红外线吸收光谱仪以及核磁共振可以得知，当SiO2添加量增加时，YAG：Ce晶格常数会因为Si4+取代Al3+的四面体晶格位置而变小，同时产生将YAG：Ce之铝离子空位缺陷，使活化中心更有效地在YAG：Ce主体中扩散取代Y3+的十二面体晶格位置，提高其发光性质约20~35%。

Selective doping has been proved to be a semiconductor oxide improve the photocatalytic activity of the most effective ways The introduction of certain metal ions can greatly improve the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency, Recently, a lot on the adoption of the doping to improve the photocatalytic oxidation performance reports, doped semiconductor photocatalysis material because of its physical and optical properties change, thereby improving the photocatalytic properties.

有选择性的进行掺杂已被证明是一种提高半导体氧化物光催化活性的极其有效的方法，掺入一定的金属阳离子能极大的提高TiO2的光催化效率，最近有大量的关于通过掺杂来提高TiO2的光催化性能的报道，掺杂的半导体光催化材料由于其物理和光学性质的改变，通过扩展光响应范围和提高光生电荷的分，从而提高了光催化性能。

The optically active defect centers of such types as E', two kinds of oxygen-deficiency and some kinds of oxygen-richness in silica play an important role in optical communication fiber and UV absorption. The researches on some oxygen-deficient defects and the metal ions doped or implanted semiconductor nanoparticles with fine luminescence properties have made it possible for silica to be used in the lighting field.

氧化硅材料本征E'、2种缺氧型以及各种富氧型光活性缺陷中心在光导纤维及紫外吸收等应用中扮演了很重要的作用，某些具有良好发光性能的缺氧中心及掺杂离子或半导体纳米粒子发光中心的深入研究使氧化硅材料在照明领域具有良好的应用前景。

The transmittance of the films decreased with the increase of the doped ions concentration.

随着掺杂浓度的增加，薄膜的透光率逐渐减小。

Can be used for the various rare-earth ions in the environment doping calculation and simulation.

可用于各稀土离子在各种掺杂环境下的计算及模拟。

According to the theory of electrical double layer potential in a capillary and the relation between Zeta potential and cation exchange capacity, the radial distributions of potential and ions concentration are assured.

为研究含水泥质砂岩导电特性的机理，由单毛管双电层电位理论和阳离子交换量与Zeta电位的关系，得到了毛管径向电位分布和离子浓度分布。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。