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Hydroesterification of tert-butyl alcohol with ethanol catalyzed by transition metal triphenylphosphine complexes was first investigated in room temperature ionic liquids.

反应温度为100～140 ℃，CO初始压力为2～6 MPa条件下，研究了室温离子液体与过渡金属三苯基膦配合物构成的催化反应体系中，叔丁醇与乙醇的氢酯基化反应。

Hydroesterification of tert-butyl alcohol with ethanol catalyzed by transition metal triphenylphosphine complexes were investigated in room temperature ionic liquids as reaction medium at 100-140℃ and 3-6MPa of CO.

首次在超强酸氯铝酸离子液体中实现了饱和烷烃的羰化反应。发现2，2，4-三甲基戊烷可直接与CO反应，产物叔丁基异丁基酮，叔丁基异丁烯基酮和3，3，5-三甲基环己酮。

EDTA was used as masking agent, and trisodium citrate as total ion strength adjustment buffer was added to stabilize the ionic activity coefficient. The pH was controlled at about 5, the results were directly obtained by Gran graphing method.

以EDTA做掩蔽剂，加入柠檬酸三钠为总离子强度调节剂，使离子活度系数相对稳定，pH值控制在5左右，用Gran氏作图法直接查得结果。

Aim to the application purpose of all-solid state electrochromic device and electronic link materials, which are prepared on flexible substrate. The tungstenic acid sols doped with PEO, MoO_3 and the PEO6000 nano-sized composite Ni_2 sols were prepared by ionic- changing and alcohol salt hydrolyzing technology of sol-gel method.

本论文以全固态的电致变色显示器件和柔性基板电子墨水显示材料为应用目标，采用溶胶-凝胶技术中的离子交换法和醇盐水解法分别制备了PEO、MoO_3掺杂的钨酸溶胶和PEO掺杂Ni_2的复合溶胶体系。

The undoped and doped forms of P3MT film prepared in ionic liquid were reversible and stable.

实验证明，在离子液体中聚合的聚3-甲基噻吩膜，其掺杂和去掺杂过程是可逆的和稳定的。

In unmineralized rocks, the applied current is carried only by the ionic solutions on pore spaces and the resistivity is independent of the frequency of the current.

在未矿化岩石中，只有岩石孔隙内的液体携带电流而电阻率却不会取决于电流的频率。

Transmural repolarization heterogeneity, which exists in normal left ventricle of rabbit, is exaggerated in hypertrophic heart. Ununiform of distribution and down-regulation of Ⅰ, is ionic basis of this phenomenon.

正常兔左室存在跨壁复极异质性，心肌肥厚时进一步扩大，Ⅰ(下标 Ks分布及下调的不均一性是其离子流基础。

According to Johnson's Rule and IR spectra, their possible structures are suggested. The bonding parameters of those complexes are calculated by ESR parameters. And the crystal field parameters are calculated by using electronic spectral data. It can be seen that the vanadyl complexes in the solution are ionic complexes and that the α〓 values of those complexes decrease following the increasing of the N donor replacing the O donor of water on the equatorial plane in those complexes. This means that the covalent bonding between vanadium and ligand increases as Ser, Phen or Bipy replace water ligands. The results show the competitive coordinate law that the coordination reactivity of Phen and Bipy is much stronger than that of Ser. The simulation program of ESR is compiled by the theory of ESR in the present work.

测定了VO-丝氨酸二元体系、VO-丝氨酸-邻菲咯啉三元体系和VO-丝氨酸联吡啶三元体系在不同酸度下（pH=1.0～14.0）的乙二醇／水（V／V=1：1）溶液低温ESR谱，发现不同pH下，溶液中具有不同组成的配合物，根据不同pH下ESR谱的变化，利用Johnson的加合规则并结合红外光谱，推测了它们在溶液中的可能结构；利用波谱参数计算了配合物键参数；利用电子光谱数据计算了配合物的晶体场参数，讨沦了它们的成配特性，结果表明：VO配合物属离子型配合物，随取代水分子的配体（Ser、Phen或Bipy）数目增加，键参数减小，配合物共价性增强，同时得出这些体系中，生物配体竞争配位规律：Phen和Bipy与VO的配位能力比Ser强。

General meanings, feather and behavior of surfactant, Chemical structure, characteristic and synthesis of anionic, cationic, non-ionic and zwitterionic surfactants, Extraordinary properties and their correlative effecting factors.

阳离子、非离子和两性离子表面活性剂的化学结构、特点和合成方法；同时对表面活性剂的性质及相关因素作一大致的阐述。

The initiation temperature of the exotherm of P was little influenced by the atmosphere, however, distinctly decreased with the enhancement of IA content in the copolymer, which implied that the initiation of nitrile cyclization reaction preceded the onset of oxidation reaction through an ionic mechanism.

P共聚物的放热峰起始温度受气氛影响不大，却随着IA含量的增加而明显降低，表明在热稳定化过程中它可能首先以离子机理发生氰基环化反应，再发生氧化反应。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新