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052 Describes and claims a body of polycrystalline dielectric ceramic material having a lead zirconate--lead titanate--lead stannate composition falling within the area A B C E F of the triaxial diagram 1d of the drawings accompanying this specification and containing at least one substitutional additive ingredient selected from the group consisting of elements having respective ionic radii sufficiently close to the ionic radius of one of the elements lead, tin, titanium, zirconium and oxygen to permit of substitution, and a valence state differing from that of said one element by less than three units, the aggregate quantity of additive ingredient amounting to from 0.1 to 5 percent of the replaced ion on an atom basis, each additive ingredient present in said material being in ionic form and substituting for a finite percentage of the ions of a particular one of the elements lead, tin, titanium, zirconium and oxygen with respect to which it conforms with regard to ionic radius and valence state, said additive ingredient replacing a quantity of said elements having in the aggregate an equal number of valence units.

参考译文：第 1012052 号专利说明书介绍一种含有锆酸铅，钛酸铅，锡酸铅的多晶陶瓷介质材料，其组成在说明书附图 ld 三元相图中处于 A B C E F 区域内，该组成至少还含有一种置换添加物，这种添加物从一组离子半径分别接近于铅，锡，钛，锆，氧的元素中选出，以利于互相置换，而与上述一种元素化合价之差应小于三价。该添加物的总量为被置换离子的 0.1%~5%克原子。上述材料中的每种添加物是以离子形式存在的，它以一定的百分数置换铅，锡，钛，锆，氧中的某一元素的离子。添加物在离子半径和价数上必须类似于上述任一元素，并且置换添加物的量与被置换的元素在总体上具有相等的化合价数。本句由两个简单句构成，一个主句，另一个是定语从句。

Benzoin condensation using imidazolium based ionic liquids as solvent for the first time has been successfully achieved. The reaction conditions have been studied in detail. When under 65 and with 0.5 equiv. NaOH in ionic liquid l-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetraborate, benzoin was obtained in excellent yield of 91%. Recycling of ionic liquid has been available.

首次探索并成功实现了在咪唑鎓盐离子液体中进行苯偶姻缩合反应，详细探讨了反应条件，当反应在65℃下和0.5当量NaOH存在下以及在离子液体4-丁基-1-甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐中进行时，苯偶姻产率可达91％；并对离子液体进行了有效回收再利用。

The effects of temperature, pH, ionic strength and ionic variety on the nitrogen solubility of chickpea protein isolate were investigated, and those of pH and ionic strength on emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability were also studied.

研究各种外部条件如温度、pH、离子强度、离子种类对鹰嘴豆分离蛋白质溶解性的影响以及pH、离子强度对乳化能力及乳化稳定性的影响。

THE city of Epidamnus stands on the right of the entrance of the Ionic Gulf.

Epidamnus 城座落在 Ionic湾的入海口。

The differences in the solubility of β-cyclodextrin in the ionic liquids have been discussed from the interionic interaction between cation and anion of the ionic liquids and the inclusion interaction of the cations of the ionic liquids into the cavity of β-cyclodextrin.

结果表明，β-CD与离子液体的阳离子形成了1：1的包合物，并根据离子液体阴阳离子间的相互作用和β-CD与离子液体阳离子的包合作用，讨论了β-CD在不同离子液体中溶解度差异的原因。

Indices~ mP 0 and 1 were fitted, respectively, with the heat of formation,ionic hydration energy, lattice energy ,internuclear distance bond lengthof 20 kinds of alkali halides; with the lattice energy of 20 kinds of alkali-earth metal halides,with the ionic hydration heat of 51 kinds of metals, and with the ionic standard heat of formation of 80 kinds of i.

用mP的0和1阶指数分别与20种碱金属卤化物的生成焓ΔfH m、离子水化能ΔhG m、晶格能U1、气态碱金属卤化物核间距R0，20种碱土金属卤化物的晶格能U2，51种金属离子水合焓ΔhH m关联，拟合的回归方程的相关系数为m和80种离子标准生成焓ΔfH 0.9753(0.9834)、0.9761(0.9816)、0.9964(0.9986)、0.9967(0.9967)、0.9789(0.9890)、0.9901和0.9805，满足优级或良级标准。

A selective and mild PS-DIB/ionic-liquid immobilized 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol-N-oxyl catalytic oxidation procedure of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones in ionic liquid BF4 at room temperature was developed. The oxidant PS-DIB was prepared via the iodation and acetylation of polystyrene resin. For the preparation of the ionic-liquid immobilized TeMPO catalyst, 4-(2, 2, 6, 6-Tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidoxyl)butyl bromide was first synthesized from TeMPO and 1, 4-dibromobutane.

将聚苯乙烯树脂先碘化再乙酰基化，制得了负载型二乙酰氧碘苯作为氧化剂。2， 2， 6， 6-四甲基－N-氧自由基哌啶醇与1， 4-二溴丁烷反应生成4-溴丁氧基－2， 2， 6， 6-四甲基－哌啶－1-氧化物，再与N-甲基咪唑发生季铵化反应，生成的溴化季铵盐与四氟硼酸钠进行离子交换制得氟硼酸型2， 2， 6， 6-四甲基－N-氧自由基哌啶负载离子液体。

Three kinds of ionic liquid were used to support the acetylacetone at the C3 position directly according to the method indicated above. These synthesized ionic liquid supported acetylacetone catalysts include imidazolium salts ionic liquid supported acetylacetone catalysts, pyridinium salts ionic liquid supported acetylacetone catalysts and ammonium salts ionic liquid supported acetylacetone catalysts. All these catalysts were characterized by ~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR, IR and elementary analysis.

采用设计过程中预期能够提高乙酰丙酮金属催化剂催化氧化活性的修饰方式，合成了三类离子液体支载的乙酰丙酮金属催化剂：咪唑型离子液体支载乙酰丙酮金属催化剂、吡啶型离子液体支载乙酰丙酮金属催化剂、胺型离子液体支载乙酰丙酮金属催化剂，并采用核磁共振氢谱、碳谱，红外光谱及元素分析来对这些新型的催化剂进行了表征。

According to family and group of the elementary ionic law table, one drawing is made with ionic radius as ordinate and outer shell electron distribution as abscissas; and another drawing is made with logarithm of ionic radius as ordinate and valences of ionic as abscissas.

依据元素离子律表的组和族，以离子半径为纵坐标，外层电子排布为横坐标作图；以离子半径的数值为纵坐标与离子价数为横坐标作图，得到两套规律性好的曲线。

Room temperature ionic liquids are the hot points of the current research fields of chemistry, chemical engineering and functional materials. Since 1998, the preparation and application of ionic liquids as environmentally benign reaction media and functional material have been carried out in Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics. The detailed research work, including the design and preparation of novel ionic liquids, ionic liquid as catalyst and reaction medium in sulfuric acid free Beckmann rearrangement,...

离子液体介质与材料研究是当前化学化工、功能材料的热点领域之一。1998年底以来，我们以发展离子液体清洁反应介质和软功能材料为研究内容，以实现新离子液体的设计与合成，离子液体中无硫酸Beckmann重排反应、非光气异氰酸酯合成、二氧化碳吸收与活化、反应-升华分离一体化，微孔硅胶限制纳米尺度离子液体材料的设计合成和应用及离子液体-电化学技术集成等为目标开展了一系列研究工作并取得良好进展。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。