查询词典 invertebrates

The species diversity of invertebrates belonging to the phyla Gnathostomula, Gastrotricha, Nematomospha, Onychophora and Pterobrancbia are nearly unknown from China's fauna.

无脊椎动物的某些门类在中国有多少种目前还不清楚，如：颚咽动物门Gnathostomula、腹毛动物门Gastrotricha、线形动物门Nematomorpha、有爪动物门Onychophora和羽鳃动物门Pterobranchia。

Protozoans of the order Gregarinida that are parasitic within the digestive tracts of various invertebrates including arthropods and annelids.

簇虫任一种簇虫孢子虫类的原生动物，寄生于各类无脊椎动物，包括节肢动物和环节动物的消化道内

Dead leaves are colonized by aquatic hyphomycetes - tolerant of low temperatures so can grow during the winter and even under ice - make the dead leaves much more palatable and nutritious for the various detritivorous invertebrates which eat them

死叶被水中的丝孢菌定殖–耐低温因而可在冬天生长甚至在冰下生长–使死叶成为食粪类无脊椎动物的美食。

Lagomorpha Rabbit is mammals, herbivorous invertebrates.

兔子是哺乳类兔形目、草食性脊椎动物。

A liplike structure, such as that forming the floor of the mouth of certain invertebrates, especially insects.

下唇一种唇状结构，如组成某些无脊柱动物的下唇基节，尤指昆虫

Background:C-reactive protein is a phylogenetically highly conserved plasma protein,with homologs in vertebrates and many invertebrates,that participates in the systemic response to inflammation.

背景：C-反应蛋白是一种高度保守的血浆蛋白，在脊椎动物和多种非脊椎动物中存在同系物，参与全身炎症反应。

Marble trout is piscivorous, feed mainly on smaller fish and benthic invertebrates.

大理石鳟鱼是食鱼，主要集中在较小的鱼和底栖无脊椎动物饲料。

Relative fatness indices, also termed as body condition indices and ponderal index, were well used in ecology, physiology, biochemistry, genetics and culture of vertebrates and some invertebrates.

肥满度指数，也称身体状况指数，广泛应用于各个动物类群和生态学、生理、生化、遗传学以及养殖业。

Mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and COⅠ gene fragments were amplified and sequenced from 4 wild populations of Portunus trituberculatus. Respectively, 524bp and 658bp long partial gene fragments of the 16S rRNA gene and the COⅠ gene were obtained. A high percentage of A+T base composition in the two sequences was observed, which was similar to the results of studies on drosophila, shrimp, crab and other invertebrates.

对分别采自辽东湾、莱州湾、海州湾和舟山的三疣梭子蟹4个野生群体的线粒体16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段进行了扩增和测序，分别得到长度为524bp和658bp的片段。2段序列的碱基组成均显示较高的A+T比例（16S rRNA基因70.8%，COⅠ基因63%），这与果蝇、虾类、蟹类等无脊椎动物的16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段研究结果相似。

In this study, the genomic structure and regulatory elements of ApoD from 10 representive species including protozoan, invertebrate, protochordate and vertebrate were analyzed and compared. The genomic structure of ApoD is less conserved in organisms from protostome to deuterostome invertebrates, while it is highly conserved among chordates including amphioxus and verebrates. All four conserved cysteine residues are present in amino acid sequence of deuterostome ApoDs, while there are only two cysteine residues in amino acid sequence of protostomes ApoD. Structure divergence between protostome and deuterostome ApoD proteins suggests their function difference. The majority of regulatory elements are present in nearly all organism ApoD genes ranging from unicellular protozoan to mammals, suggesting that ApoD plays a very fundamental role, and possesses a conserved regulatory mechanism. However, there also exist some specific regulatory elements, which are present only in certain species and may perform some special roles.ApoD mRNA expression in murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts exposed to various stresses such as as hydrogen peroxide and UV light shows dose-dependent increase. And a fly homolog of ApoD, Glial Lazarillo, whose overexpression results in increased resistance to hyperoxia as well as a extension of lifespan under normoxia and resistance to starvation without altering lipid or protein content.

本文首先从生物信息学角度对分属于原生动物、无脊椎动物、头索动物和脊椎动物类群的10种动物ApoD的基因结构及调控区的调控元件进行分析及比较，发现：(1)ApoD基因外显子-内含子结构从原生动物草履虫到原口动物再到后口动物海胆的进化过程中不保守，但在分析的几种脊椎动物中相当保守；(2)文昌鱼ApoD基因扮演从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物承上启下的角色，可能代表了脊椎动物ApoD基因原型；(3)四个半胱氨酸保守位点在后口动物中都存在，而在原口动物中只存在两个，原口、后口动物ApoD蛋白一级结构上的差异反映蛋白功能上可能也存在一定差别；(4)调控区大多数主要调控元件为不同动物共有，说明ApoD主要功能及其表达调控在进化中相当保守；(5)ApoD基因个别调控元件是随着物种进化而出现并开始发挥相关作用，如SF-1；还有一些调控元件在进化过程中还没有发现其规律，这说明ApoD某些功能和基因表达调控模式可能因物种不同而存在一定的差异。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48