查询词典 intrude into

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

During this period of time, I went to the sites of each Intrude project if I was in Shanghai. If I was out of town, I took a specially-made countdown gadget with me and sent a picture showing the countdown gadget in other cities to Intrude website.

当我身在上海时，我去了每个介入日的现场，而当我离开上海时，我带着我特制的倒计时牌一起旅行，并且与介入的网站实时同步，每天传送一张在异地拍摄的倒计时照片。

Electromagnetic brake cooling fan, contactor coil connected KMb has two slip, one is always intrude KMa KMa contact and, in parallel with the power all the way between intrude feadwater safety switches that normally closed contact.

增热电扇，电磁刹车的隔绝器KMb线圈的连开有两条岔路，一是串出KMa常开触不面与KMa并联，另一路是与电源之间串出盘车不乱残开关的常不开触不面。

Integrative analysis on the developing course and pathogenesis Rimerella anatipestifer infection is septicemia-type infectious disease, which is addicted to intrude into serous membarance all over the body, cause serous-fibrinous or fibrinous serous membarance inflammation. The pathogenesis is that RA firstly causes local inflammation, then rapidly break through the defensive organizations into blood. After the proliferation in blood, RA located mainly in serous membrane all over the body, cause inflammation in here and DIC and result in septicemia.

疾病发展过程及发病机理的综合分析鸭疫里默氏菌病是一种主要侵嗜全身性浆膜的败血型传染病，其病理过程主要是鸭疫里默氏菌首先在感染局部引起炎症灶，当机体的防御能力显著降低时，鸭疫里默氏菌迅速突破机体的防御机构，从感染灶不断侵入血液，经血液扩散到全身，主要定位在全身的浆膜，引起全身多发性浆膜炎并发展为败血症。

As was usually the case wherever Hester stood, a small vacant area- a sort of magic circle- had formed itself about her, into which, though the people were elbowing one another at a little distance, none ventured, or felt disposed to intrude.

背地挤作一团，也没人甘冒风险或乐於闯进那块空地。这正是红字在注定要佩戴它的人四周所形成的一种强制性的精神上的孤立；这固然是由於她自己的回避，但也是由於她的同胞们

"As was usually the case wherever Hester stood, a small vacant area- a sort of magic circle- had formed itself about her, into which, though the people were elbow ing one another at a little distance, none ventured, or felt disposed to intrude."

和通常一样，凡是海丝特所站之处，周围就会形成一小块空地，似乎有一种魔圈围着，圈外的人尽管在附近摩肩擦背地挤作一团，也没人甘冒风险或乐于闯进那块空地。

Big- breasted, narrow-waisted and long-legged, she has helped sex intrude into childhood.

大胸，细腰和长腿，她帮助孩子们把性的美感带入了他们的童年。

The thief intrude d into the house with caution and dissimulation.

小偷蹑手蹑脚的潜入了那所住宅。

When the Star Ferry Pier was suspended and a part of the Clock Tower was demolished, a group of friend intrude into the tower and put the banners of "Citizen Participation, Re-plan" and "STOP" on it. It brings the messages of defending public spaces and democratization of urban planning.

在天星码头停用，一部份已被拆毁而钟楼仍在垂死挣扎的时候，几个朋友，一次闯入天星钟楼的行动，把『市民参与，重新规划』；『停手』的横额挂在钟楼上，敲响要捍卫公共空间；要城市规划民主化的钟声，向政府只倾斜於地产商的发展作出反抗。

They intrude unnecessarily and often hurtfully into people's privacy; and they publish inaccurate, sometimes made-up stories.

所有的报纸都无一例外，有的偶尔为之，有的则几乎天天如此。

" I' d like to get some rough idea about music in the baroque ear, please."

请简要介绍一下巴罗克时期的音乐，好吗？

The results showed that the peak latency and pattern of SEPs elicited by electrical needling in LI-l1 and MP were similar. The amplitude of SEPs elicited by electrical needling in LI-l1 was higher than that of MP. There was no obvious SEPs generation when MM was electrical needling.

结果显示，电针刺激曲池穴和其邻近桡侧伸腕长肌运动点诱发性脑电波的波形和波峰时间是类似的，只是穴位的诱发性脑电波波幅较大，而电针刺激非穴位点并没有明显的诱发性脑电位。