查询词典 interlanguage

Part Three introduces the theories employed in this study, including Corder"s 5 steps for the procedure of EA, and the theory of "Language Universals","Interlanguage" as well as "Fossilization.

第三部分列出了本项研究的理论基础，包括Corder提出的5个操作步骤，语言的普遍性理论，中介语理论和语言的"石化"现象。

Interlanguage transfer, phonological universals and over-generalization are considered to cause the formation of phonological errors. Phonological errors take the following five forms: elision, addition, substitution, misplaced stress and over-precision.

语际转移、音韵普遍现象以及过度推广等因素共同作用导致中介语的音韵错误，具体表现形式有五种：省音现象、加音现象、替代现象、重音位置错误和过度精确现象。

Fossilization has become one of the main features of Interlanguage.

语言僵硬现象已经成为中介语的主要特征之一。

In the course of research on interlanguage, a phenomenon is always being concerned by researchers—fossilization.

在中介语研究过程中，有一个现象引起了学者的注意：僵化。

The interlanguage fossilization is one of the hot issues in Second Language Acquisition study recently.

饶严彬 摘要：中介语的僵化现象是这几年第二语言习得研究中的热点问题。

It is predicted by the Aspect Hypothesis that the perfective and imperfective aspect marking in native language and learner's interlanguage is constrained by the lexical aspect of the verb.

第二语言时体系统的习得是二语习得研究的一个核心领域。动词的情状体是影响二语时体习得的重要因素之一。情状体假设一方面揭示了语言中的一个普遍语法现象，即体范畴中的情状体特征；而且发现了这一语法现象对语言习得的作用。

Translation is a kind of exchange movement of interlanguage and interculture and a contradictory area.

翻译是一种跨语言。跨文化的交流活动，是一个充满矛盾的领域。

The result tells that at the beginning of English learning, semantic competence plays a major part in causing pragmatic failure while in the senior stage; social cognitive competence is the major cause. The thesis based on the research result establishes a semiotic Competence Cultivating Teaching Model in which markedness theory ,theory of interlanguage and interculture and content teaching approach are used to improve semiotic competence and reduce pragmatic failure.

研究结果也对语言学习者和教授者提出了一个新的问题，即在语言教学过程中，如何适当考虑语义能力，解释能力和社会认知能力三者的关系，构建一个教学模型，可以把这三者整体纳入语用能力培养的方案之中，笔者尝试性的提出一个解决方案，借用当前的词义习得标记性理论，过渡语与过渡文化理论和内容教学法理论，构建了一个符号能力发展模型，认为该模型将有利于学习者提高符号能力，进而减少语用失误。

The reason is that interaction and negotiation in communicating, which will generate more opportunities of using language, can promote the development of learners interlanguage.

因为语言的互动和沟通将产生更多的使用语言的机会，其结果是促进了学习者interlanguage的发展。

According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.

本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失