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CBFEC emphasizes direct correspondence of concepts in EC with its software architecture for ease of understanding and using; minimal coupling with specific problem structure for easy adaptation it to solve a large number of wholly different problems; interface-centered design for extendibility. To achieve those objects, the problem-solving method of EC is analyzed and the problem-solving procedure of EC is divided into three interactive aspects: population-based stochastic searching mechanism, problem specific information to implicitly guide the stochastic searching, and the observation and control of the computation procedure of EC. Then the key concepts of EC are identified in those three aspects; the normal implementations of those concepts are summarized; the interfaces represents those concepts in software are abstracted; the collaborations of components through those interfaces are designed. CBFEC is implemented on mainstream component software platform COM/DCOM (Component Object Model/Distributed COM from Microsoft), which includes interfaces definitions, commonly using EC components implemented those interfaces, such as Simply EA component, Steady State EA component, EA component, EA component, Population component, Tournament Selection component, Linear Ranking Selection component, Nonlinear Ranking Selection component, Random Number Generator component, etc, and the collaborations of those components through those interfaces.

具体的做法是把演化计算看作是基于组件的软件工程的一个应用领域：首先分析了演化计算求解问题的一般思路和方法，把演化计算问题求解过程分为："设计基于群体的随机搜索机制"、"研究问题的性质并以此隐含地定义算法的搜索方向"和"求解过程的观察与控制"三个部分；然后分别找出各个部分中的关键概念，总结这些概念现有的一般实现方法，抽取其本质，以此结合设计模式来定义组件软件的接口；通过分析演化计算各个概念之间的相互联系来设计组件软件间通过接口的进行交互的方式；最后还在目前一种主流组件软件开发平台COM／DCOM（微软提出的组件对象模型）的基础上实现了常用的演化计算组件，如简单演化算法组件、稳态演化算法组件、演化算法组件、演化算法组件、种群组件、锦标赛选择策略组件、线性排名选择策略组件、非线性排名选择策略组件、随机数发生器组件等等。

X-ray diffraction is one of the most common and efficient ways to measure a superlattice structure. This dissertation displays the detail results for characterization of Ge〓Si〓/Si superlattices by x-ray diffraction (including x-ray small angle diffraction and double crystal diffraction). It was found, when the growth temperature is lower, the intensities of xray small angle diffraction peaks are modulated by a periodical function, which indicates that both sets of interfaces of the superlattice is highly flat; when the growth temperature is higher, the diffraction peak intensities are simply decay with the increase of diffraction vector, which indicates that one set of interfaces is highly flat but another is not; when the growth temperature is very high, the diffraction peaks are reduced more rapidly, which indicates that both sets of interfaces are not ideal.

本文详细介绍了用X-射线衍射（包括X-射线小角衍射和双晶衍射）方法对Ge〓Si〓/Si超晶格结构特性测试的结果，尤其是发现，当Ge〓Si〓/Si超晶格的生长温度较低时，X-射线小角衍射谱峰的强度随着衍射波矢的增加而周期性调制，表明超晶格的两套界面都十分平整；当生长温度较高时，Ge〓Si〓Si超晶格的X-射线小角衍射谱峰的强度随着衍射波矢呈简单的衰减变化，对应于超晶格内有一套界面不平整的情况；当生长温度进一步提高时，X-射线小角衍射峰明显减少，表明超晶格内两套界面都不理想。

Double refraction and/or double internal reflection in a crystal along multiple successive interfaces can be seen as a cascade of that along two successive interfaces, and thus may also be calculated.

在此基础上，分析了前一界面输出量和后一界面输入量之间的联系，可以计算两个界面上的连续双折射双反射。

Integrated 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX/1000BASE-T transceivers · 10/100/1000 tri-speed MAC · Host interfaces - PCI v2.2, 32/64-bit, 33/66-MHz - PCI-X v1.0, 64-bit, 133-MHz · MII/GMII/TBI interfaces for external transceivers · Ultra-deep, 96-KB on-chip packet buffer · Dual high-speed RISC cores with 16-KB caches - Programmable, in-line packet classification · SMBus controller · On-chip power circuit controller and Wake on LAN power switching circuit

集成号10Base-T/100Base-TX/1000Base-T收发器·10/100/1000三速陆委会·主机接口- 2.2版的PCI，32/64，33/66-MHz -的PCI - X的1.0版，64位，外部收发器133兆赫·信息产业部/的GMII / TBI的接口·超深，96 KB的片上分组缓冲·具有16 KB的缓存双高速的RISC核心-可编程，在线数据包分类·SMBus控制器·片上电源电路控制器和网络唤醒电源开关电路

The phenomenon of adsorption of colloidal particles at interfaces between two immiscible liquids including plane and curved interfaces is reviewed.

综述了胶体颗粒在油水界面上的吸附行为及其应用。

In order to be able to transmit a variable volume of data, particularly in a single coherent data block, between message transmission planes of telecommunications interfaces of a hybrid telecommunications system with minimal effort within the message transmission planes, if the variable data volume exceeds the maximum data volume which can be transmitted between the same message transmission planes of the telecommunications interfaces, then a data element specific to the transmission layer is used as a function of the varying data volume at least twice in succession for the transmission of the data volume in the data block.

要約 为在混合通信系统中能各自以最小的传输工作量在各通信传输层面中传输混合通信系统各通信接口的通信传输层面之间的一个变化的数据量，尤其当此变化的数据量超过在各通信接口的相同通信传输层面之间最大可传输的数据量时仍能在一个单一的互相关联的数据块中传输此变化的数据量，取决于此变化的数据量至少两次依次地对在数据块中的数据量的传输采用一种传输层面专门的信息元素。

In the investigation of Cu-Zn-Al SMA, the influence of quenching speed, shape memory thermal treatment on SME, microstructure and morphologies was discussed. The changes in morphology and interfaces were in situ metallographic observed during thermal cyclings in order to control the degradation of two way shape memory effect . The stabilization of stress induced martensite variants method and the accordingly changes in microstructure were studied in detail. The mechanism was also compared between SSIM and TWME training method. From the above in situ observation results, the interface structure and especially the twin related A: B type variant pair were examined by HREM to clarify the role of movability of interfaces and the changes in variants orientation in inducing the degradation of the TWME. During developing the Ni-Ti-Hf SMA melt spinning ribbon, it was found the morphology and structure embodied the SME and was directly effected by chemical composition and technique factors, such as the different content of Hf, the speed of copper roller rotation and etc. Therefore, the morphology and structure were extensively examined.

在对Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金研究中，研究了提高记忆效应的热处理淬火速度、记忆热处理方式对Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金组织结构的影响；为了弄清双程记忆效应衰减的原因，原位动态观察了热循环过程中，合金组织形貌及界面的变化；因形状记忆合金必须经记忆训练才能具有双程记忆效应，系统地研究了应力诱发马氏体稳定化训练方法和这种方法引起的双程记忆合金组织结构的变化，比较了它与双程记忆效应训练方法诱发TWME机制的异同；因在原位动态观察中发现界面可动性及两侧变体取向的变化，伴随着记忆效应的衰减，用HREM详细研究了变体的界面结构，特别是A：B型变体界面结构及变体内部结构。

As a result, parallel interfaces became the rule and serial interfaces the exception, except in long-distance communications, where the cost of the high-speed transmitter/receiver technology was offset by the saving in wire costs.

因此，平行介面逐渐成为一种准则，而序列介面则剔除在外，除了在长距离通讯方面－因为高速发送器/接收器技术的成本，可透过节省电线成本而得以抵消。

In the practical test, though the difference in operating efficiency between iconic and tab interfaces is insignificant, the difference is significant in the subject feelings of users between both types of interfaces in terms of user feelings, interaction, visual effect, structure expression, SUS usability and QUIS satisfaction.

在本研究正式实验中，图示式模拟介面比起标签式模拟介面虽然於受测者操作绩效上并没有显著差异，但是在使用感受、互动性、视觉、架构表达形式、SUS使用性、QUIS满意度之不同面相上，受测者主观感受皆有显著的差异存在。

A switching system interface (304) including one or more network interfaces for terminating digital transmission facilities; one or more interfaces (403, 404) for coupling to line/trunk frames (212) of a digital switch; a time-slot assignment means for connecting time slots to those of the line/trunk frames; and a call processing means for coordinating call setup and teardown between the DLC local terminal and the line/trunk frames, and for managing the time-slot assignment means to complete calls.

一种交换系统接口包括：一个或多个用于终结数字传输设备的网络接口；一个或多个用于连接到数字交换机中继线键架(212)的接口(403，404)；一用于将时隙与中继线键架的时隙相连接的时隙设置装置；以及一用于在DLC本地终端和中继线键架之间调整呼叫建立和拆卸和用于完成呼叫而管理时隙设置装置的呼叫处理装置。

More direct, directer ; most direct, directest

径直的，笔直的

Do you know how to use a chain saw?

你知道如何使用链锯吗？