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The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

To education in college integrate collective education and individual education and to integrate heteronomy and self-discipline.

就是要做到把言传和身教结合起来，把集体教育与个别教育结合起来，把他律和自律结合起来。

It becomes more difficult to manage, integrate and share the control system real-time data when we set up the industrial real-time database because of complicated affair between every department and isomeric character of the system. A three-level-structure model and the method to establish database is provided based on CORBA criterion with its character of being regardless of programming languages, hardware platform and network protocol . A universal real-time database faces multi-system is also set up by learning the distributed criterion, it can realize the request broker , and the application software can visit the database pellucidly ; Thus the power station simulation model can be linked with the control system such as infi90 , ovation and be made use of the control object , a closed simulation and control experiment system is set up. Further more we can build an integrate automatic experiment platform from the simulation object of power plant to the process control and the to SIS. Li Ming(Control Theory and Control Engineering)Directed by associate prof. Lin Yongjun

在创建工控领域实时数据库时，企业各部门间的复杂事务及内部异构性给实时数据的管理、集成和共享带来了一定的困难，根据CORBA规范具有语言无关性、平台无关性和网络协议无关性的特点提出基于分布式计算规范CORBA的三层体系结构模型及建立与维护实时数据库的方法和途径；通过CORBA规范建立面向多个分散控制系统的通用实时数据库，实现数据访问代理，使应用软件可以透明地对实时数据库进行访问、存取、管理；将Infi90、Ovation分散控制系统与火电厂仿真机模型进行有效的互连，以全物理过程仿真数学模型为对象，构建了闭环控制仿真实验研究系统，实现数据的高效连通及管理；进而通过基于CORBA的实时数据库构建一个从火电厂仿真机对象到过程控制设备再到SIS系统的综合自动化试验平台。

Ketu is a completed and professional consulting agency for brand integrate sales policy in brand and product layout, integrate sales popularizing, media agent, ads idea and terminal promotion. Specializing in brand image figuring, brand and image advantage establishment. We will provide customer excellent and effective plan, design and implement. Our business range also cover PR, exhibition and show room project and high class gift design and manufacture.

科图广告是集品牌规划、产品规划、整合营销传播、媒体代理、广告创意、终端促销等于一体的全方位、专业化的品牌营销全案策划机构，以塑造企业品牌形象，确立品牌和形象优势见长，为客户提供卓越有效的策划、设计和实施等服务，业务领域还包括公关策划，展览展示工程以及中高档礼品设计、制作等。

Part 2: From the point of the current situation of their relationship, refer to modernly integrate science and humanity, and analyze the specific meaning, causes and necessities to modernly integrate science and humanity.

第二部分，针对当前我国科学与人文的关系现状，提出对科学与人文进行现代整合，并且分析了对科学与人文进行现代整合的具体涵义以及进行这种现代整合的原因与必要性。

The article introduce the characteristics of the professional control chip CH365 and the function of the hardware addressing,and simply expatiate on peripheric integrate circuit .The integrate circuit is a CPLD which include the I/O expanding、address coding and hardware addressing.

文章对PCI总线控制专用芯片CH365的特点、本地硬件定址等功能做了详细的介绍，并简单阐述了将I/O口扩展、地址译码及本地硬件定址集成在CPLD内的实例，以及此系统在通信系统中的应用。

In order to obtain better characteristics of photonic crystal lasers, the wafer bonding technology is introduced to integrate MQWs wafer with different uncompatible wafers. We utilize the direct bonding method and glue bonding method to integrate the 1550nm long-wavelength MQWs with DBR wafer or sapphire. The effect factors of bonding process and choice of bonding materials are discussed. At last, we measure the photoluminescence spectra of our membrane devices and bonding samples.

为了得到更好的光谱特性，我们介绍了各种晶圆接合技术去整合含有多层量子井结构的晶圆与其不相容的材料，我们利用直接接合和溶胶接合的方法去接合1550nm长波长的多层量子井晶圆与含有DBR结构的晶圆或sapphire，并对於各种接合影响因素与材料的选择加以讨论，最后再对我们的层状光子晶体雷射和晶圆接合后的样本做量测。

In order to show the integrate benefits of water conservancies totally, this paper figures out that a set of integrate benefits evaluation-index system should be established.

为了全面的反映水利建设的综合效益，本文提出应建立一套基于可持续发展理论的综合效益评价指标体系。

Event-based loose-coupled integration is a ''' method to integrate or embed one web application in another ''', e.g. to integrate a photo album application in a content management system, or to merge a blog with a forum.

基于事件的松耦合整合是'''将某个web应用程序整合或嵌入另一应用程序中的方法'''，如，将某个相片相册程序整合到某个内容管理系统中，或将某个blog与某个论坛进行合并。

Low level radwaste disposal problems are complex. Many important issue, such as radionuclide migration in the geosphere, must be carefully evaluated before making decision. This project will explore the use of a hydrogeological decision support system for solving these complex problems. The system will integrate hydrogeological analysis tools, geographic information system, mathematical models, stochastic and statistic methods, graphical interface, and decision system. By using the system, it is expected that many different alternatives can be efficiently analyzed and evaluated, and results can be presented much more effective to decision makers, while compared with the conventional presentation. Basing on the prototype system developed in the last two years, this project will integrate more analysis tools and improve the functions of the system.

中文摘要低放射性废料处置所牵涉之问题甚为广泛且复杂，其中又以放射性核种於地下水中迁移所造成之风险性分析最为重要，一般而言，一个水文地质决策支援系统将结合水文地质、地理资讯系统、数学模式、序数及统计、图形介面、优化及决策分析等理论及工具，方能使该系统迅速分析各种不同方案，并以最有效方式将分析结果呈现於决策者；因此，本计画预计延续八十二年至八十三年间，初步完成之整合风险分析模式之决策分析系统刍形，并於其基础上继续整合及发展一些关键技术及工具，以增加系统必备之功能，使其系统更趋完善，达到实用之目的。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。