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In 1922, State Farm was formed by George Mecherle, a farmer from Merna, Illinois, who aimed to take advantage of the pricing umbrella maintained by the high-cost giants of the industry. State Farm employed a "captive" agency force, a system keeping its acquisition costs lower than those incurred by the bureau insurers (whose "independent" agents successfully played off one company against another). With its low-cost structure, State Farm eventually captured about 25% of the personal lines business, far outdistancing its once-mighty competitors. Allstate, formed in 1931, put a similar distribution system into place and soon became the runner-up in personal lines to State Farm.

1922年州农保险由伊利诺州 Merna 的农夫 George Mecherle 所创立，年州农保险由伊利诺州所创立，目标锁定在打破业界掮客所树立的高价保护伞，州农雇用专属仲介人员，标锁定在打破业界掮客所树立的高价保护伞，州农雇用专属仲介人员，这套系统让州农取得保单的成本远低于一般保险同业，套系统让州农取得保单的成本远低于一般保险同业，其独立业务代表接二连三成功地搞倒其它业者，拜其低成本结构所赐，州农最终拮取连三成功地搞倒其它业者，拜其低成本结构所赐，州农最终拮取25%的个的个人业务大饼，含车险及住宅险在内，远远超越昔日强大的竞争对手，人业务大饼，含车险及住宅险在内，远远超越昔日强大的竞争对手，而创立于1931年的 Allstate 也仿效设立类似的行销通路，并一举跃居第二，立于年的也仿效设立类似的行销通路，并一举跃居第二，仅次于州农，资本主义再度发挥神奇的效用，仅次于州农，资本主义再度发挥神奇的效用，而这种低成本的营运确已势不可挡。

Furthermore, even by the relatively hygienic standards of most insurers, the asset side of Lloyd's' balance-sheet is squeaky clean, while the toxic claims that brought it to its knees in the 1990 s are now parcelled off to Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway.

此外，大多数保险公司相关的清洁标准，劳埃德商船协会资产负债表的资产方非常干净，然而对有毒资产的索赔于 20 世纪末把协会推到了崩溃的边缘，现在被分成了若干部分给沃伦巴菲特的伯克希尔哈撒韦公司。

Furthermore, even by the relatively hygienic standards of most insurers, the asset side of Lloyd's' balance-sheet is squeaky clean, while the toxic claims that brought it to its knees in the 1990s are now parcelled off to Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway.

此外，大多数保险公司相关的清洁标准，劳埃德商船协会资产负债表的资产方非常干净，然而对有毒资产的索赔于20世纪末把协会推到了崩溃的边缘，现在被分成了若干部分给沃伦？

Just as investors are concerned about the potential negative impact on their portfolios, insurers should also be concerned.

就像投资者关注的潜在负面影响他们的投资组合，保险公司也应该关注。

Wednesday's Wall Street rally, which appeared to start once word of an attempt by the New York insurance regulator to broker a bail-out for the bond insurers got around, further suggests that credit is what truly preoccupies the stock market.

此前，有关纽约保险监管机构试图为给债券保险公司纾困的行动牵红线的传言一经传播开来，华尔街股市立现涨势。

Www.buffettism.com 巴菲特研究中心 Research Centre for Buffettism avoiding dumb decisions, rather than by making brilliant ones. Since September 11th, Ajit has been particularly busy. Among the policies we have written and retained entirely for our own account are (1)$578 million of property coverage for a South American refinery once a loss there exceeds $1 billion;(2)$1 billion of non-cancelable third-party liability coverage for losses arising from acts of terrorism at several large international airlines;(3)￡ 500 million of property coverage on a large North Sea oil platform, covering losses from terrorism and sabotage, above ￡600 million that the insured retained or reinsured elsewhere; and (4) significant coverage on the Sears Tower, including losses caused by terrorism, above a $500 million threshold. We have written many other jumbo risks as well, such as protection for the World Cup Soccer Tournament and the 2002 Winter Olympics. In all cases, however, we have attempted to avoid writing groups of policies from which losses might seriously aggregate.

In assessing the soundness of their reinsurance protection， insurers must therefore apply a stress test to all participants in the chain， and must contemplate a catastrophe 17 自从 911 事件发生之后，Ajit 就变得异常忙碌，在我们承接且全部自留在公司帐上的保单，主要有(1)南美洲炼油厂损失超过 10 亿美元以上的 5.78 亿美元意外险(2)数家国际航空公司 10 亿美元恐怖份子攻击事件不得撤销第三责任险(3)北海原油平台 5 亿英镑恐怖份子攻击及恶意破坏的产物意外险，以及超过 6 亿英镑以上业者自留或再保损失(4)芝加哥 Sears 大楼恐怖份子攻击事件超过 5 亿美元以上的损失等；此外我们也接了许多项超大型的意外险，例如世界杯足球赛以及 2002 年冬季奥运等，但不论是那一件个案，我们都尽量避免会发生连锁反应大量累积损失的保单，比如说，我们不会一口气接下位于同一个大都会的办公及住宅大楼大量的意外险，除非排除核子爆炸及后续可能引发的火灾损失。

Eventually, with no simple solution to the fiasco in sight, the insurers reneged on all their sports contracts.

最终，陷入困境的保险业由于看不到任何解决问题的希望而取消了所有体育合同。

Today's rescues have included investment banks and insurers, neither of which used to be regarded as system-threatening.

今天的拯救队伍还包括投资银行和保险公司，但是过去都没有作为系统的威胁。

Today's rescues have included investment banks and insurers, neither of which used to be regarded as system-threatening.

如今的救助包括投资银行和保险公司，这二者过去都被认为不构成系统性威胁。

Such reporting will help consumers choose health plans on the basis of value and discourage insurers from skimping on high-value services, such as preventive care.

这种报告将有助于助消费者在价值的基础上选择健康计划，阻止保险公司克扣如预防保健这样的高价值的服务。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。