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Firstly, it seeks the sources from which theories have been developed, by a summary of evolution or a road-map. Secondly, it explains the two basic forms taken by traditional theories on intra-industry trade, namely, horizontal intra-industry trade model and vertical intra-industry trade model. Both models take final products as trade objects and products of same industry are thus simultaneously exported and imported among developed nations and among developed nations and developing ones.Thirdly, it points out that the theory of vertical intra-industry trade has already been expanded in scope in the area of trade between developed countries and LDCs. It shows that the implication of vertical intra-industry trade has expanded to the importation and exportation of parts and components, intermediate products or processing products produced via various working procedures or different production links within the same industry, with MNCs as carriers. It gives the summary of the methods of measuring intra-industry trade and argues that the basic method adopted by this thesis is G-L Index. In addition, GHM and Input-output Analysis are introduced to demonstrate the expansion of vertical intra-industry trade.

首先，通过整理国际贸易理论的发展脉络，寻求产业内贸易的理论渊源；其次，阐述产业内贸易传统理论的两种基本形式，水平型产业内贸易与垂直型产业内贸易的理论模型，指出两者都以最终产品为贸易对象，实现了发达国家之间或发达国家与发展中国家之间的同一产业内产品的同时进口和出口；第三，结合全球化的特点和跨国公司在国际要素分工中的基础作用，指出发达国家与发展中国家之间的垂直型产业内贸易理论已经得到拓展，表明垂直型产业内贸易涵义已发展成为以跨国公司为载体的同一产业内不同生产工序或不同生产环节的零部件、中间产品或加工产品的进口和出口；最后，归纳了产业内贸易的计量方法，指出本文的产业内贸易基本计量方法是G-L指数(格鲁贝尔-洛伊德计量法)，并在此基础上进一步说明与垂直型产业内贸易的拓展相关的计量方法包括：GHM计量法和Hummels投入-产出分析法。

Results show that there is remarkable correlation between the land use types and SOM. From1981 to 2000, the content of SOM increased in the whole area mainly because of the transformation from virgin grass land to cultivated land and increase of irrigable land. The average content of SOM increased by 28% and increased from 9.64 g/kg to 12.35 g/kg. Then the household changed their land use way by driven of interest and do not increase additional input anymore.

研究结果表明：土地利用类型及土地利用方式的转换对土壤有机质含量产生重要影响。1981～2000年，荒草地向耕地的转换以及因灌溉设施的完善而引起水浇地面积的增加使得整个研究区域土壤有机质含量普遍增加，有机质含量平均值从9.64 g/kg增加到12.35 g/kg，增加了28％；在利益的驱使下，农户改变了土地利用方式，不再向种植粮食作物的土地追加投入，研究区域土壤有机质含量平均值由12.35 g/kg降低到11.46 g/kg（2000～2006年）。

ATbstract: he small frequency modulated transmitter, the power is small, may launch the wireless signal, accepts the signal with the radio, satisfies certain transmission range, Circuit easy system, low cost, power output does not exceed 5-8 mW, firing range to be in the housing area of about 100 meters, with an ordinary FM radio receivers, demonstrating his superb sensitivity and clarity, the most circuit design challenges of the part is only used 3 V power supply, and half-wave antenna will be such a launch capability.simultaneously can input the sound signal, may install modulation surveillance table to serve as the monitoring device, although the power is not very big, but should the interference protection normal radiobroadcasting signal.

小型调频发射机，功率小，可以发射无线信号，用收音机接受信号，满足一定的发射距离。电路简单易制，造价低廉，输出功率不超过5－8mW，发射范围在房屋区可至100米左右，用一部普通的FM收音机接收，显示其灵敏度和清晰度俱佳，电路设计中最富挑战性的部份就是只需用3V电源和半波天线便有如此的发射能力。同时能够输入声音信号，可安装调制监视表头用作监视器，虽然功率不是很大，但是应该防止干扰正常的无线广播信号。

This research probes into the result to recognize, In motorcycle go space, go motorcycle of road space collect and plan, the space offering the motorcycle to go causes trouble reducibly, should examine the condition of the road promptly, the short medium and long-term tactics of positive planning are the objectives, strengthen ' motorcycle waiting for area, motorcycle turn left type of two sections, motorcycle special lane ', etc . way right plan fear to set up, to the people The motorcycle that life relies on, know the reason Traffic engineering and management specialized input, make motorcycle traffic the people correctly Life wealth Threaten, does not become again The people Nightmare of life.

本研究探讨结果认爲，在机车行驶空间方面，只要将道路上的机车行驶空间加以规划，提供机车行驶的空间便可减少肇事，应即检讨道路条件，积极规划短中长期策略为规划目标，并强化「机车等待区，机车二段式左转、机车专用道」等路权规划布设，对学生上下学依赖的机车，会因爲交通工程与管理专业的投入，使得机车交通对学生生命财産威胁，不再成爲生活的梦魇。

The issues of simple input mechanism and insufficient gross have restricted the rapid development of soil and water conservation cause for years, especially after abrogating "two kinds of labor" in rural area, it has become even more conspicuous.

长期以来，水土保持投入机制单一、总量不足的问题一直制约着水土保持事业的快速发展，特别是农村&两工&取消后这个问题显得更加突出。

Since Gabor feature is robust to illumination and expression variations and has been successfully used in face recognition area. First, the proposed method decomposes the normalized face image by convolving the face image with multi-scale and multi-orientation Gabor filters to extract their corresponding Gabor magnitude maps. Then, the local binary patterns operates on each GMM to extract the local neighbor pattern. Finally, the input face image is described by the histogram sequence extracted from all these region patterns.

鉴于Gabor特征对光照、表情等变化比较鲁棒，并已在人脸识别领域得到成功应用，首先对归一化的人脸图像进行多方向、多分辨率Gabor小波滤波，并提取其对应不同方向、不同尺度的多个Gabor幅值域图谱(Gabor magnitude map，简称GMM)，然后在每个GMM上采用局部二值模式(local binary pattern，简称LBP)算子抽取局部邻域关系模式，最后由这些模式的区域直方图形成的序列来描述人脸。

ABSTRACT The paper mainly studies the variable structure adaptive control theory for uncertain systems, and applicated the theory into the designs of bank-to-turn missile autopilots. The main contributions of the paper are as follows:(1) Under the condition that all the matched or mismatched parameter, input and disturbance uncertainties exist, a complete set of variable structure control system design and analysis method is proposed and investigated, which brecks throush the serious confines of variable structure invariance conditions theoretically and widen the application area of the VSC theory greatly.

本文着重研究了不确定性系统的变结构自适应控制理论，解决了目前变结构控制理论和自适应控制理论中存在且亟待解决的四个方面的问题，将获得的理论研究成果直接应用于倾斜转弯导弹的自动驾驶仪设计中，取得了很好的结果。

On the second and third plan, the quadrupler was made up of UMS's CHX-2089 and Minix's XX-1000 MMIC multiplier. The driver circuit's area still is very small. For two MMIC doublers, the driver circuit has only one input port of+12V.

同样在很小的面积内，设计了单片驱动电路，实现单一正压12V输入情况下，满足各个单片工作所需的各脚直流驱动，结合实验结果不断调整驱动电路。

The results showed that 1518kg farmyard manure and 59.9kg chemical fertilizer, equal to 38kg N, P and K pure nutrient, were applied per unit area (667m2) of arable land,and that the nutrient ratio of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer was 4.9∶5.1 (N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.4∶0.62), and that the total complex grain output per year and the complex output value were 479.6kg and 804.47yuan per 667m2 respectively, and that the manure cost and the pure income from manuring were 148.25 yuan and 716.22 yuan per 667m2 respsctively, and that 12.6kg grain output could be gotten averagely from 1kg nutrient input The main factors affected the manuring effect were topography, cropping systems and crops kinds and manuring quantity from a peasant household as well effected the soil fertility significantly.

结果：平均每667m2耕地投入农家肥1 518 kg，化肥59.9 kg，折氮磷钾纯养分38 kg，农家肥与化肥养分比为4.9∶5.1，N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.4∶0.62，全年粮食复合单产479.6 kg/667m2，复合产值864.47元，肥料成本148.25元/667m2，肥料纯收入716.22元，肥料产投比值5.9，投入1 kg养分产粮12.6 kg。影响投肥效应的主要因素为地势、耕制和作物。农户投肥数量对土壤肥力影响较大。

Busparallel expansion and pipeline technique are adopted to improve the average inputand output speed of recorder based on FLASH memory. 2 A concept of 'cluster' isintroduced. The using state message of each cluster is loaded in the spare area,following the target datum, to keep the pipeline sequence of multiple clusters' loading, which guarantee the average input speed of system. 3 Based on the using statemessage of every cluster, the Cluster Allocation Table established in memory enablethe system to manage the recorder flexibly in high speed, similar to a file managementsystem. 4 PowerPC 8245 based embedded system, along with Vxworks real-timeoperating system is introduced to make the system more easier to be applied to theprojects in the future.

本文所述的关键技术特点主要包括：采用了并行扩展以及流水线操作技术以提高基于FLASH芯片的存储区平均输入输出能力；引入了&簇&的概念，为了保证连续写入过程中的流水线顺序，系统向存储区加载每一簇有效数据后，紧接着还将向相应簇的空余区中加载该簇的使用状态信息；根据所有簇的使用状态信息在系统内存中建立&簇分配表&，可以支持系统快速灵活地管理存储区，即，类文件化的数据管理；采用基于PowerPC8245的嵌入式计算机硬件系统及基于Vxworks的嵌入式实时操作系统，提高了系统的整体性能及系统研发的延续性。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷