查询词典 infringement

The copyright-infringement action must be the special the copyright infringement,because it accord with the cognizance law-standards;it favors for guarding the legal rights of the Copyrighter and cracking down on the infringement actions.

著作权侵权行为五个方面的特征是：侵权形式上的特殊性；法律适用上的严格地域性；侵权对象的多重性；侵权形式的多样性及侵权行为的隐蔽性。

First of all, general introduction to environment infringement is offered, then the civil liability system of environment infringement discussed from the following respective aspects: principles of liability judgment, important elements, causes of counterplea and the forms of liability, finally some suggestions of the improvement of the civil liability system of the environment infringement law in China.

在文章的第二部分，笔者首先对过错责任原则及在环境损害民事责任中适用过错责任原则的缺陷进行了分析，接着介绍了在修正过错责任原则的过程中发展起来的几种学说，进而提出在环境损害民事责任中应适用无过失责任原则，并论述了适用该原则的理由，最后考察了我国相关法律对环境损害民事责任适用无过失责任原则的规定。

Factors that could affect results include the ability to market and sell products; changes in relationships with strategic partners and reliance on strategic partners for the performance of critical activities under collaborative arrangements; failure of distributors or other customers to meet purchase forecasts or minimum purchase requirements for our products; impact of competitors, competing products and technology changes; ability to develop, commercialize and market new products; market acceptance of oral fluid testing or other new products or technology; changes in market acceptance based on product performance; continued bulk purchases by customers, including governmental agencies, and the ability to fully deploy those purchases in a timely manner; ability to fund research and development and other products and operations; ability to obtain and maintain new or existing product distribution channels; reliance on sole supply sources for critical product components; availability of related products produced by third parties; ability to obtain, and timing and cost of obtaining, necessary regulatory approval for new products or new indications or applications for existing products; ability to comply with applicable regulatory requirements; history of losses and ability to achieve sustained profitability; volatility of our stock price; uncertainty relating to patent protection and potential patent infringement claims; uncertainty and costs of litigation relating to patents and other intellectual property; availability of licenses to patents or other technology; ability to enter into international manufacturing agreements; obstacles to international marketing and manufacturing of products; ability to sell products internationally; loss or impairment of sources of capital; ability to meet financial covenants in agreements with financial institutions; ability to retain qualified personnel; exposure to product liability, patent infringement, and other types of litigation; changes in international, federal or state laws and regulations; customer consolidations and inventory practices; equipment failures and ability to obtain needed raw materials and components; the impact of terrorist attacks and civil unrest; ability to complete consolidation or restructuring activities; ability to identify, complete and realize the full benefits of potential acquisitions; and general political, business and economic conditions.

可能影响结果的因素包括营销以及出售产品的能力；与战略合作伙伴关系的变化以及根据合作协议对战略合作伙伴执行关键活动的依赖；经销商或者其他顾客未达到我方产品的采购预测或者最低采购要求；竞争对手、竞争产品以及技术变化的影响；新产品开发、商业化以及营销的能力；市场对唾液检测、其他新产品或者技术的接收程度、基于产品效果所造成的市场接收的变化；顾客、包括政府机构的持续大宗采购以及按时完成采购的能力；资助研究、开发以及其他产品和活动的能力；获得并维持新的或者现有的产品经销渠道的能力；关键产品部件对单一供应源的依赖；第三方生产的相关产品的供应情况；新产品或者现有产品的新疗效获得必要的管制批准的能力、时间以及费用；遵守适用的管制要求的能力；亏损的历史以及实现可持续盈利的能力；股票价格的波动；与专利保护和潜在的专利侵权诉讼有关的不确定性；与专利以及其他知识产权有关的不确定性以及诉讼费用；专利以及其他技术授权的提供情况；签订国际性制造协议的能力；产品进行国际营销以及制造的障碍；国际性销售产品的能力；资本来源的损失或者减少；履行与财务机构之间协议的能力；获得合格人员的能力；产品责任、专利侵权以及其他诉讼的风险；国际、联邦或者州的法律、法规的变化；顾客合并以及存货实践；设备故障以及获得所需原材料和部件的能力；恐怖主义袭击以及内乱的影响；完成合并或者重组活动的能力；识别、完成以及实现潜在收购的全部利益的能力；一般性政治、商业、经济形势等。

Seller and buyer concur in the principle that this contract shall be carried out between the two parties with fairness and without detriment to the interests of either party,and if in the course of the performance of the contract any infringement of this principle is anticipated or disclosed,then seller and buyer shall promptly confer in the good faith with each other to agree upon such an action as mat be necessary to remove the clause or clause of such infringement.

买方和卖方也赞同合同的实施是建立在双方公平对任何一方无利益损害的原则上，如果在履行合约过程中发现任何将会有违反这个原则的情况发生或者被揭露，买方和卖方应立刻达成去除此条款或去除条款中引起违合约的地方的友好协议

Mr. Ding dealt with several cases in intellectual property right that with great affect in Tianjin and all of China, for example, successfully dealt with the copyright infringement of video and audio tapes of some of the famous singers, like Teng Ger, Tian zhen's Endless Love, Shui Mu Nian Hua, and Chen lin's Love Then Love, and the violation of copyright of Cai Jixiang's work series of Invisible Assets that were plagiarized; the trademark license dispute of Tianjin" Goubuli" Dumpling; the violation of patent of Kids whirlwind Cover; and as the long term legal counsel of Tianjin Guifaxiang Mahua Food Group Co., Ltd, he acted as agent for the criminal case of Guifaxiang's famous trademark logo illegally made by others, and also the infringement of patent of Shimano Bicycle Controller, which was quite considerable throughout the country.

承办多起在全国及天津市产生较大影响的知识产权案件。如：曾经承办《腾格尔》CD专楫、田震《未了情》专楫、《水木年华》、陈琳《爱就爱了》等CD专楫及录音带专楫被侵权的著作权侵权系列纠纷案；承办《无形资产》作品系列剽窃侵权案；天津"狗不理"商标使用许可纠纷案；"小家伙旋风盖"专利侵权案，并作为天津桂发祥麻花饮食集团有限公司的常年知识产权专业法律顾问，参与天津桂发祥麻花饮食集团有限公司因其驰名商标标识被非法制造案的全程法律服务，及在全国较有影响的西马诺自行车拨链器系列专利侵权案的代理。

The articles guided by the copyright theories and the traditional infringement theories and its main clue is the determination and preclusion of network infringement. The author sets out from the present conditions of the copyright infringement in our country, draws some successful experience from abroad, goes on making a complete and systematical study on some basic theories of network copyright infringement, including some specific steps: such as the standard of establishing the copyright infringement on net, concrete manifestation, the doctrine of liability fixation, the exception of the principles and the precautionary measures and remedy for copyright infringement.

本文以传统侵权理论和版权理论为指导，以因特网上版权侵权的认定到制裁为主线，从我国因特网上版权侵权的现状出发，借鉴国外成功的经验，对网络版权侵权的一些基本理论问题进行了较为全面、系统地探讨，具体包括网络版权侵权的认定标准、具体表现形式、归责原则、侵权的例外情况及防止侵权发生的预防措施和侵权发生后的制裁措施。

The propose of the research is to insist on the view of applying to solve the various confusion in applying at present when present The Doctrine of Equivalents in China by analyzing dispute in applying of DOE; apply the research method of history analysis and compare synthetically, integrate with the case analysis and draw the conclusion: It is necessary to induct The Doctrine of Equivalents to prevent the tortious people filching the benefit of the inventor and confirm whether the infringed people imitated and copied patent on purpose, it is international tidal current to apply DOE in the processing of patent infringement cognizance, and firstly it must ensure the protecting confine by explaining the claim with compromise explain method, the difference of different extent in patent creation also effect the demarcation of equivalent extension; it should apply the rule of comparing factor one by one rather than comparing the whole equivalent in comparison of equivalents, and needs to be confirmed by increasing the assistant means in the processing of patent infringement cognizance by using Triple Identity Test of Graver; contrast and analyze whether they are equivalent depend on the level of the common technicians in relative domain and it is scientific and reasonable to confirm equivalent time standard by infringement date; in judicial practice of equivalent cognizance, it may use the experiences in Japan for reference to solve the cognizance misunderstanding area of reality in the law and the technology; The superabundance designation that may be understood as a display unfair contract because of neglect and materially misunderstanding should be conditionally applied in current time.

研究目的在于通过分析等同原则在适用上的争议，提出我国适用等同原则时应坚持适用的观点，解决目前在适用中的各种混乱局面；运用历史分析和综合比较的研究方法，结合案例分析；专利侵权认定中引入等同原则是必要的，其实质是防止侵权人窃取发明人的利益，被侵权人是否故意模仿或抄袭专利，不影响等同侵权的判定，运用等同原则判定专利侵权已成为世界性的潮流；适用等同原则首先要对权利要求进行解释以确定保护范围，在解释权利要求时应采取折衷的解释方法，不同专利创造性程度的差异也影响着等同范围的划定；在等同物的比较上，应当适用&逐个要素比较&，而不能适用&整体比较&，在适用&三一致&标准进行侵权认定时，还需要增加辅助手段予以确定；是否构成等同，应当以所属领域普通技术人员的水平来对比分析，以侵权日为等同的时间标准是科学合理的；在等同认定的司法实践中，解决法律事实和技术事实认定上的误区，可以借鉴日本的经验；多余指定可以理解为一个因疏忽大意或重大误解而订立的显失公平的合同，应当在现阶段有条件限制地予以适用。

In the digital surroundings, infringement became excessive, continuity and more concealment. So the writer claimed that every infringement as start point, only implead infringement in limitations.

笔者主张把每一个侵权行为分别作为起算点，只追究自起诉之日起往回推在时效之内的侵权行为，而不追究更远的侵权行为。

In the cases winded up, there were many new-typed, difficult and complicated ones with significant social effects, such as unfair competitive disputes on the brand of Liao Sparerib, infringement disputes on the trademark of Zhenguo Coffee, copyright-infringement disputes on the ADOBE series software, disputes on the copyright-infringement of Taiwan famous animator named JiMi and disputes on right-infringement of new breeds of plants, etc.

审结的案件中，很多是疑难、新类型、社会影响重大的案件，如在&廖排骨&不正当竞争纠纷、&真锅咖啡&商标侵权纠纷、ADOBE系列软件著作权侵权纠纷、台湾著名漫画作家几米的著作权侵权纠纷、植物新品种侵权纠纷等案件中，成都市中级人民法院严格按照知识产权保护的有关法律，均依法判决权利人胜诉，有力地打击了侵权行为，维护了社会经济秩序的健康有序发展。

The infringement act of aggression on the right and interest of the fetus refers to infringement of the personal interest of the fetus under mistaken conditions,or unmistaken infringement for which the doer must take civil responsibility in accordance with the law.

孕妇遭受外来侵害致腹中胎儿早产，或致伤致残；医院诊断失误，致使父母本不愿其出生的胎儿得以出生并患先天性疾病；医院在接生过程中操作失当，致胎儿生而残障……类似侵害胎儿利益情形屡见不鲜。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷