查询词典 inference

As for reasoning strategy, an inference engine with compound structure of multiple series-parallel sub-inference-engines is constructed. The inference engine, as a whole, employs forward reasoning.

在推理策略方面，本文构造了一个多并串子推理机组合结构的推理机制，推理方式在总体上是正向推理。

Reasoning by analogy contain broad sense and narrow sense. The broad sense analogy indicates generally the inference based on genus, which equal to what we now say inference (contain deduce, induce, analogy). The narrow sense analogy only points several typical inference form based on same genus that the ancients discussed in Mohist Argument: pi, mou, yuan, tui, which mostly equal to what we now say analogy.

推类有广义和狭义之分：广义推类泛指在类的基础上进行的推理，相当于我们现在所说的推理；狭义推类仅指《墨辩》中论及的譬、侔、援、推等几种典型的、以类同为依据的推理类型，大致相当于当今所说的类比推理。

A new knowledge acquirement way is presented based on the reliability data of product, then the fuzzy semantic net which consists of FEPM and fuzzy fault tree is regard as fault knowledge representation. The formalization of the fuzzy semantic net is described, and the relative concepts and relations are summarized. A stereo-knowledge representation which consisted of FFTF, rule and fuzzy neural network which make up of the shallow knowledge of the product is presented. The integrated fault diagnosis method based on the stereo-knowledge representation is suggested. The method is as follows. The fuzzy search inference is carried out on FFTF firstly. If the node being diagnosing can be decided if it failed or not in the fuzzy search inference, the rule inference to the node is carried out with the rules which being in symptom-fault way. An equivalent method, pattern recognization inference using fuzzy neural network, can fulfill the same work.

提出了以FFTF模糊语义网络为主、基于浅知识的产生式规则、模糊神经网络为辅的产品故障知识的立体知识表示方式，并提出了基于该多种知识表示的综合性故障诊断方法，即：首先对故障产品进行基于FFTF模糊语义网络的模糊搜索推理，如果在模糊搜索推理过程中不能确定当前诊断节点故障与否，则对当前诊断节点进行基于征兆-故障形式的验证式规则推理或者对包含该诊断节点的部件／子系统进行基于模糊神经网络的模式识别推理，如果在完成或者不再进行基于模糊语义网络的故障推理，仍然不能诊断出故障节点，则对基于模糊语义网络诊断过程中形成的故障诊断子图进行神经网络推理。

In all, the results show that the information inference in discourse comprehension is inevitable, and it can happen on-line not only in working memory, but also in long-term memory.Key words:information accurate inference, on-ling inference, trace back to, working memory, long-term memory.

本研究的结果表明，信息精确化推理在文本阅读中是必然发生的，而且不管进行需要精确化推理的句子与包含推理所需信息的句子是处于同一工作记忆范围内，还是处于长时记忆中，推理都是即时发生的。

There is a gap between what we can in principle be given in perception and any belief about the past. And because in principle we could never be given anything about the past directly, the gap is one that no justified a posteriori inference could bridge. For anything to which we could appeal in support of a hypothesis about the connection between the past and present will simply give us more information about the present. Thus, unless our conception of the past is a form of idealism analogous to phenomenalism regarding the external world, skepticism follows.

在'原则上我们在感知中被给予的'和'任何关于过去的信念'之间有一个gap，又因为在原则上我们不能被直接给予过去的东西，这个gap就没有一个后天『a posteriori』inference能架桥辩护，因为任何可诉诸以支持关于过去和当前的关联的假说的东西，也不过是给我们更多关于当前的信息，如此，除非我们对过去的概念是类似关于外在世界的现象论的这种观念论的一个形式，否则怀疑论就会得到。

The theory of perception says that all we can in principle (as a matter of conceptual necessity) perceive or be given directly are sense-data. The theory of meaning says that there is no a priori inference from sense-data to elements of the external world (as there would be, for example, if phenomenalism were true).

感知理论认为'所有在原则上（——作为概念上必要的东西）我们能感知或被直接给予的是感觉材料sense-data'，意义理论认为'从感觉材料到外在世界（——作为如果，例如，现象论为真就会如此的东西）没有一个先天『a priori』inference'。

Afterwards,the author analyses the characters,definition and connection between fact inference and presumption of law.points that reasoning is the essence of the fact inference.The presumption of law is higher than the fact inference.but the legal reasoning is totally based on the real fact.

然后集中分析事实推定与法律推定的概念特征及其相互关系，指出事实推定的实质是推理或推论；法律推定源于事实推定又高于事实推定。

Via the inference course of the inference machine , do key factor proper assessment and revision, inference progressively produce arranging planning good, is it use limited resource to in the hope of, efficiency of the hoist.

经由推论机的推论过程，将关键因素作适当的评估与修正，逐步推论出较佳的排程规划，以期运用有限资源，提升设备效能。

Third, a fuzzy adaptive traffic controller based on fuzzy inference system is proposed. The design of the system also takes optimal cycle and relative saturation degree of different roads into consideration.

第三，提出一个以模糊推论系统(fuzzy inference system， FIS)为核心的模糊适应性交通号志管理系统，并将最佳周期以及相对路口饱和度考虑於系统的设计当中。

To avoid the collision accidents of ships at sea, with the universalizing and application of computer, and the development and maturity of the technology of Expert System and Artificial Intelligent, this paper developed an intelligent collision avoidance expert system for navigation. The main research work centers on several aspects, which will be represented as below:By the navigation rules" understanding and analyzing, and by the navigation experience and navigation samples" collecting and trimming, we put forth and build a multi-unit and layering KB systematic structure, and implement the KBM. According to features of different knowledge, we adopt multifarious KR, such as: frame KR, production rule KR, procedure KR. We also build a multi-inference system, which based on analog inference, forward illation inference, conversion inference and meta-rule inference. At the same time, we develop each reasoning algorithm. For some problems in collision avoidance region during the building of the expert system, we put forth and build a set of models to solve them using neural network technology.

为了避免船舶间碰撞事故的发生，结合计算机技术在各类船舶中的普及与应用、专家系统技术及人工智能技术的发展、成熟，本文研制、开发了一种具有一定智能的航海避碰专家系统，主要内容包括以下几个方面：通过对航海规则的理解与分析，对航海经验、航海实例的搜集、整理，提出并建立起了航海避碰专家系统的多元分层知识库体系结构，并实现了知识库的管理；根据不同知识的特点，分别采用了框架、产生式规则、过程等多种知识表示方法；提出了一种基于类比推理、正向演绎推理、换位推理及元级推理等的多种推理机制，并建立起了相应的推理算法；引入神经网络技术，针对在建立专家系统过程中所遇到的有关避碰领域内的一些难题，提出并建立了相应解决问题的模型，其中包括：船舶类型的识别，会遇态势的分类及避碰危险的评估。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。