查询词典 infection immunity

The central theme of this thesis is to investigate the expression of lymphocyte surface marker and concentration of serum cytokines in four groups of patients with sepsis : Group 1, patients with Gram positive bacterial infection; Group 2, patients with Gram negative bacterial infection; Group 3, patients with negative cultures but strong evidence of infection; Group 4, patients without clinical and microbiologic evidence of infection as control group.

本研究主要以临床诊断为主再配合血液培养将病人分为四组：第一组是有革兰氏阳性细菌感染的病人；第二组是有革兰氏阴性细菌感染的病人；第三组是没有培养出细菌的感染性病人；第四组是由临床诊断及微生物培养证实为正常对照组。利用单株抗体接上萤光物质再配合流式细胞分析仪来测定淋巴球上各种细胞膜表面分化抗原的变化及利用酵素免疫分析法来探讨血清各种细胞素之变化。

Results Two cases were pulmonary tuberculosis combined aspergillus infection;one case was NK cell precursor acute leukemia and aspergillus infection;one case pernicious leucopenia and monilia infection;one case sjogren syndrome or diabetes both combined with candida albicans infection.CT basic manifestations included effusion or nodules or cavities or tumour.

结果 2例肺结核并曲霉菌感染，1例恶性白细胞细胞减少并念珠菌感染，1例急性NK细胞白血病并曲霉菌感染，干燥综合征及糖尿病各1例并白色念珠菌感染，CT基本表现为渗出、结节、空洞、肿块病灶。

Results: The infection rate of NI in the general hospital was 2.43%. The most frequent site of NI was lower respiratory tract (59.17%), followed by urinary tract (7.40%). Others such as gastrointestinal tract infection was 4.51% and skin-soft tissue infection was also 4.51%. The higher nosocomial infection rate was in departments of tumour, ICU, cadre ward, nosohemia. NI occurred mainly in patients with malignant tumor (7.18%), critical malignant tumor (5.97%), circulation system (3.75%).

结果：医院感染总发生率为2.43%；主要发生部位构成比中下呼吸道为最高(59.17%)，其次为泌尿道(7.40%)、胃肠道(4.51%)、皮肤软组织(4.51%)；各临床科室中，肿瘤科、ICU科、干部病房、血液科的医院感染发生率较高；各种类型疾病中，医院感染发生率最高为恶性肿瘤(7.15%)，其次为交界恶性肿瘤(5.97%)、循环系统疾病(3.75%)。

A single dose of albendazole 400 mg was used as control. Results The egg negative conversion rates of ivermectin and albendazole were both 100%(34/34) for Ascaris infection, 17.6%(6/34)and 76.5%(26/34)respectively for hookworm infection, 67.6%(23/34)and 47.1 %(16/34)respectively for Trichuris infection,58.8%(20/34) and 100%(34/34)respectively for Enterobius infection.

结果随机双盲治疗，伊维菌素和阿苯达唑对蛔虫感染的虫卵阴转率均为100％(34/34)，对钩虫感染的虫卵阴转率分别为17.6％(6/34)和76.5％(26/34)，对鞭虫感染的虫卵阴转率分别为67.6％(23/34)和47.1％(16/34)，对蛲虫感染的虫卵阴转率分别为58.8％(20/34)和100％(34/34)。

Compared to open surgery, patients in the study who underwent laparoscopic surgery experienced 80 percent reduction in the odds of respiratory tract infection, 69 percent reduction in bloodstream infection, 59 percent reduction in wound infection, 39 percent reduction in urinary tract infection and a 48 percent reduction in other types of nosocomial infections across hysterectomies, cholecystectomies and appendectomies.

同开放性手术相比，研究中行腹腔镜外科手术子宫切除术、胆囊切除术及阑尾切除术的病人呼吸道感染可能性降低80%，血流感染降低69%，伤口感染降低59%，泌尿道感染降低39%，其他院内感染降低48

Results Among16826 subject cases,1 case of squamous cell caroinoma has been found,2cases of CIN-3,12cases of CIN-2,and391 cases of CIN-1 have been found And among the found cases,there are263 caese of CIN-1 case of HPV infection;197cases of trichomonal infection;388cases of candidal infection,156 cases of bacterial infection .14410cases of inflammatory cell changing;2001 cases of ceriical intraepithelial neoplasia,8cases of ASC-US and1 case of AGUS.

结果 16826例标本中，发现1例鳞状细胞癌；2例CIN-3；12例CIN-2；391例CIN-1，其中263例 CIN-1HPV感染；滴虫感染197例；霉菌感染388例；细菌感染156例；有炎性反应性细胞改变的14410例；无上皮内病变或恶性瘤变的2001例；8例ASC-US；1例AGUS。

To understand the infectivity by porcine endogenous retrovirus with porcine skin fibroblast cell in vitro and in vivo, porcine skin fibroblast cell established by our laboratory were co-cultured with neo/HEK293 cell for the infection of RERV in vitro, and were subcutaneously transplantated to SCID (severe combined immuno-deficiency) mice for the infection of PERV in vivo, laying the foundation for valuation of biologic safety of xenotrans-plantation. The event of neo/HEK293 cells infected by PERV occurred during co-culture of porcine skin fibroblast cells with neo/HEK293 cells, expanding the rang of the infection of porcine endogenous retrovirus. Afterpig cells transplantated subcutaneously in SCID mice, the microchimerism (78.57%) of pig cells occurred widel, and there was phenomena of integration of PERV provirus (85.71%) in several organs or tissues remote from the injected sites, indicating infection of PERV in SCID mice in vivo. yet, there is no evidence of active viral replication in analysis of PERV env RNA of these tissues or organs.

为了解猪皮肤成纤维细胞PERV在体外和体内的感染性，通过建立猪皮肤成纤维细胞系，将所建细胞系与人胚胎肾293细胞体外共培养，并移植于严重联合免疫缺陷鼠皮下进行猪皮肤成纤维细胞PERV的体外和体内感染性实验，结果表明，猪皮肤成纤维细胞与人胚胎肾细胞共培养过程中，猪内源性逆转录病霉感染人胚胎肾细胞，进一步证实和拓宽了猪细胞PERV感染人细胞的范畴；猪皮肤成纤维细胞移植SCID鼠皮下后，导致SCID鼠发生猪细胞微嵌合(78.57%)和PERV在体内感染(85.71%)并且波及远离移植部位的多种组织或器官，但是并未检测出SCID鼠组织中表达PERV env RNA。

Typhoid sometimes leads to complications such as intestinal bleeding, peritonitis (when the contents of the intestine infect the abdominal cavity), severe haemorrhages, liver infection, gall bladder infection, blood infection, urinary tract infection, and liver and kidney failure.

伤寒，有时会导致并发症，如肠道出血，腹膜炎（时的内容，肠道感染腹腔），严重出血，肝感染，胆囊感染，血液感染，尿路感染，肝脏和肾功能衰竭。

Through all this test analyse Pathogenicity and Immunological status of ALV-J Inner Mongolia strain, the result showed the infected chickens began to have pathological change of Myelcytomatosis at 3-week: the main pathological changes of acidophile myelocyte were found in bone marrow and between cardiac muscle fibers,and there were many granules in the hyalotome.This kind of oncocyte proliferated in every tissue at different amount, but the cells that proliferated in bone marrow, cardiac muscle fiber, oarium were much more than other tissue, and they often developed neoplasma. At same condition,there were no abnormalty advent in control group, In immunological aspect: the increase of lymphokine and ANAE positive cells showed cell-mediated immunity was strengthend during antineoplastic infection; the emergence of ALV-J antibody of ELISA suggest there was humoral immunity exist at the same time.

结果显示：脾脏PCR检测结果表明1、2两实验组均有阳性病例出现，而对照组全部为阴性，说明实验鸡体内已有ALV-J内蒙株感染；接种病毒后3周龄开始出现骨髓细胞瘤病的病理变化：肝脏、脾脏有程度不同的肿大，镜下观察，骨髓内最早出现了与骨髓细胞相似、形态基本一致的大型圆形或椭圆形、胞核较大多为椭圆形、胞浆内含有大量嗜酸性圆形颗粒的髓细胞样瘤细胞增生，随后通过血流瘤细胞可转移到肝脏、心肌、卵巢或睾丸等组织并形成肿瘤性病灶，而对照组没有出现明显病变；免疫状态方面：以脾脏淋巴因子和ANAE阳性细胞增多说明细胞免疫在抗肿瘤感染过程中增强，ELISA检验实验鸡抗体出现阳性的结果表明同时也存在着体液免疫。

Innate immunity is the defence against infection that babies are born with, as opposed to adaptive immunity which is acquired as people develop antibodies through their exposure to disease-causing agents.

与适应性免疫相反，先天免疫与生俱来的，而非后天由于人们接触致病菌而形成抗体所获得的。

More direct, directer ; most direct, directest

径直的，笔直的

Do you know how to use a chain saw?

你知道如何使用链锯吗？