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Results: The infected penaeid shrimps showed a rapid reduction in food consumption, lethargy, a pink to reddish-brown coloration and a loose carapace with white spots in succession, followed by ultimate death. The characteristic features of moribund shrimps were empty stomach, a pink to reddish-brown coloration, white spots on a loose carapace and swollen cephalothorax. The relative content of WSSV DNA in blood increased rapidly after the infected shrimp showed its first symptom of detestation of food.

结果：斑节对虾感染白斑症病毒后，依次表现出厌食、不活动、体色变红、甲壳出现白斑、反应迟钝直至侧卧死亡；濒死对虾的典型症状为空胃、红体、甲壳白斑、甲壳下水肿及甲壳易剥离；感染对虾出现拒食后，其血液中白斑症病毒 DNA的相对含量急剧增加。

Compared with classical cytotoxic T lymphocytes , NK cells are superior in the following aspects: NK cells are among the first cell types to be activated after intracellular pathogen stimuli, the activity of NK cells peaked between 1 to 3 days, retained during the first 7-10 days, and the T cells response emerged only after 7 days when the NK cell responses begin to decline; though comprising of only 10％-15％ of peripheral lymphocytes, NK cells mobilize most of the cell populations in a strong and high level response to different invasions, and act as key factors at early defense before a specific immune response could mount, while only certain clones were involved in T cell response; NK cells kill virus-infected or malignant transformed cells without pre-sensitization and without restriction by major histocompatibility antigen, which is usually a mechanism of immune escape to T cell recognition by virus-infected or tumor cells, thus NK cell in complementary with T cells play crucial roles in tumor and virus eradication.

NK细胞以其强大的细胞毒活性为特征，与细胞毒性T细胞相比，NK细胞具有如下特点：NK细胞虽然只占外周血淋巴细胞的10-15％，但是对刺激性因素产生应答的过程十分迅速，一次可以调动大多数细胞共同参与，而不是几个克隆的活化，免疫应答的强度高；病毒感染或恶性转化细胞的一个主要特征是细胞表达的MHCⅠ类分子下降或消失，并借助这一机制逃避特异性T细胞应答的识别，NK细胞介导的杀伤活性无需抗原刺激，不受MHCⅠ分子表达的限制，从而与T细胞应答互为补充发挥免疫防御的功能；NK细胞的免疫活性可以被多种细胞因子上调，其中IFNα，IL-2，IL-12，IL-15和IL-18具备更强的作用；NK细胞具有强大的细胞因子分泌功能，对于启动T细胞特异性应答必不可少。

To determine whether HPCs actually harbor the virus in infected people, Collins's team worked with a hematologist who removed HPCs from the bone marrow of 15 HIV-infected volunteers.

为了论证在感染人群中定向造血细胞是否在庇佑病毒，科林斯小组求助一位血液学家，他将15名感染HIV的志愿者骨髓里提取出定向造血细胞。

Results The HSV infected cell culture system we established stable for utilization: Cellular damage and abnormal growth were not found in Hep-2 cells cultured with SDS at 10%×2-3×10-1(1.25mg/ml).The Hep-2 cells mainly became swelling and falling off and few of them formed syncytium after infected by HSV. The CPE occurred time and scale of CPE depended on multiplicity of infectionof HSV.SDS inhibited HSV yield with the manner of dosage dependent.

在 HSV 感染的 Hep-2 细胞培养系统中分别观察 SDS 对 Hep-2 细胞的毒性作用、SDS 对 HSV 致 Hep-2 细胞病变的影响、SDS 对 HSV 空斑形成的阻断效应、四唑盐(diphenyl tretrazolium bromide，MTT)比色试验检测不同浓度 SDS 抗 HSV 效应、以及 SDS 和阿昔洛韦(Aciclovir， ACV)抗HSV 效应的比较。

The HPV positivity amongst the group of women with no cervical abnormality was 43%, while that in women with cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer was 81.2% PCR products from 89 HPV positive cases were genotyped by LiPA, of which 49 cases were single HPV infected concerning 11 different HPV types and the commonest type was HPV-16, occurring in 25(51%) of all single HPV infected cases. The other 40 specimens contained multiple HPV types comprising 16 different HPV types. Although double infections(n=25) prevailed, triple(n=9),quadruple(n=3) and quintuple(n=3) infections were also found. PCR products of four HPV positive cases failed to be classified by LiPA. Sequencing analysis revealed that these 4 cases were HPV-66 which was not included in LiPA probes. Follow-up data of 12 cases confirmed the HPV genotyping results. Conclusion The LiPA for HPV genotyping is easy to perform.

结果 155例妇女子宫颈刮片中HPV DNA检出率为60%，其中在宫颈细胞学检查正常或仅有炎症病变的妇女中HPV DNA阳性率为43%，而在宫颈细胞增生不良或宫颈细胞癌的妇女其阳性率为81.2%。93例HPV阳性的标本中，89例利用LiPA成功地作出了基因分型，其中单独一型HPV感染为49例，涉及11种不同基因型HPV，最常见的型别为HPV 16，占单独感染的51%(25/49)；另40例为不同型别HPV重叠感染，涉及所有16种HPV基因型别，二重感染占主导地位(n=25)，同时也检测出其它多重感染。4例HPV阳性的标本应用LiPA未能作出基因分型，DNA序列分析显示这4例为HPV 66感染，此型别不包括在LiPA所标记的探针内。12例随诊资料显示了LiPA的物异性及高度的重复性。

The EC_(50) of QKL against the formation of syncytia of MT-2 induced by HIV-1_ was 1/198.02 with a SI of 5.36. By detecting the survival rate of co-culturing H9/HIV-1_ cells and MT-2 cells or MT-2 cell direct infected by HIV-1_ QKL was found to be protective to cells. The EC_(50) was 1/166.67 and 1/144.93 with SI of 4.51 and 3.92 respectively. The EC_(50) of QKL against P24 antigen production was 1/175.44 with SI of 4.75. The drug serum of QKL was also found to be effective to inhibit the cell fusion and protect cells infected by HIV-1_.

结果：QKL对H9／HIV-1_细胞和MT-2细胞的CC_(50)分别为1／50.76和1／36.97；抑制H9／HIV-1_细胞和MT-2细胞早期融合的EC_(50)=1／235.29，SI=6.36；抑制HIV-1_细胞诱导MT-2细胞形成合胞体的EC_(50)=1／198.02，SI=5.36；H9／HIV-1_细胞和MT-2细胞混合培养和HIV-1_感染MT-2细胞时，QKL保护病毒感染细胞免于死亡的EC_(50)分别为1／166.67和1／144.93，SI分别为4.51和3.92；抑制p24抗原产生的EC_(50)=1／175.44，SI=4.75；QKL药物血清也可抑制H9／HIV-1_细胞和MT-2细胞的早期融合，保护细胞免于死亡。

Hepatitis B can also be spread by unprotected sexual contact with an infected person; unsterile instruments that may be used in acupuncture, ear and body piercing, or tattooing; illicit injection drug use; and by sharing personal items like toothbrushes or shaving razors with an infected person.

乙型肝炎亦可通过下列途径传播﹕与被感染者从事无防护性行为；针灸、穿耳洞或身体穿刺或刺青时使用未消毒器械；非法注射毒品；及与受感染者共享牙刷或剃刀等个人用品。

It gradually increased with prolongated infection time. In the spleens of infected mice, IL-4,IL-5 and IL-10 were also elevated. However, their ranges were obviously lower than those in livers. In the colons of infected mice, IL-4,IL-5 and IL-10 slowly increased with prolongated infection time.

结果在老婆感染小鼠肝脏IL-4，IL-5，IL-10明显成年人高于正常对照(P＜0.01)，并随老婆感染时间的延长而逐步升高；在脾脏IL-4，IL-5，IL-10亦升高，但其幅度明显成年人较肝脏为低；在结肠IL-4，IL-5，IL-10随老婆感染时间延长呈缓慢升高趋势。

There were 16 amputations including Gustilo IIIB in 2 patients, Gustilo IIIC in 9 and Tscheme Ⅲin 5 according to Gustiln classification or Tscheme classification.Four patients who received amputation in field or at tent hospital developed infection and had to receive amputation again at a higher level on the limb and drainage of open wounds because of a higher infection rate due to the amputation location.Ten patients received first amputation at higher levels with open wound at station hospital but only 2 manifested infected incision.High level amputation with one stage closure was done in 1 patient who was infected and suppurated after operation and even developed bacteremia.

截肢部位16处，GustiloⅢb 2例，GustiloⅢc 9例，Tschernen Ⅲ 5例。4例现场或帐篷截肢伤员术后均发生感染，行二次、高位、开放截肢手术。10例后方截肢伤员行一次性、高位、开放截肢，其中2例发生感染。1例后方截肢伤员进行的是高位截肢I期闭合切口，结果术后感染、切口流脓，出现菌血症。

Injection drug use history was the main risk factor among FSWs(adjusted OR=9.8);(2) The self reported illicit drug-using behaviors and high risk sexual behaviors among close-cohort of FSWs who attended all the three cross-sectional surveys decreased accompanied with the survey time.The decrease of STIs prevalence and urine positive rate among them confirmed their decreased high risk behaviors;(3)The incidence of HIV was 1.4(95%CI 0.5～3.3)/100 Person Year in the open-cohort.FSWs who were recently HIV-infected had obvious high risk sexual behaviors with clients and 4/5 of them were not illicit-drug using FSWs;(4) 42.1%(16/38) of BED-CEIA positive specimens were false positives(＞155 days),but after eliminating the misclassified long-term HIV infected specimens,the BED-CEIA estimated HIV incidence were similar with that of the cohort survey among the same FSWs2.1/100PY vs.2.0/100PY;0.4/100PY vs.

注射吸毒行为是FSWs人群HIV感染的主要危险因素(aOR=9.8)：(2)连续参加过三次横断面调查的封闭式FSWs队列中，自报吸毒行为及高危性行为随调查时间均出现了降低的趋势，另外其性病感染率及尿吗啡阳性率的降低也印证了其自报高危行为特征的下降；(3)开放式FSWs队列中的HIV发病密度为1.4(95%CI0.5～3.3)/100人年，HIV新发感染FSWs与嫖客之间的高危性行为十分突出，以非吸毒FSWs为主(4/5)：(4)BED-CEIA阳性标本中的假阳性率为42.1%(16/38)，但在排除误检的既往HIV感染标本后，BED-CEIA及开放式队列研究估计的HIV发病密度十分接近2.1/100人年vs.2.0/100人年：0.4/100人年vs.0.6(来源：4eABC论f5f5文网www.abclunwen.com/100人年。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。