查询词典 inequalities in physics

In order to reasonably depict four basic problems with friction, one Coulomb friction new form in first Kirchhoff stress is proposed to deal with finite deformation problems, other Coulomb friction form in incremental mode to elastoplastic flow theory; Hilbert function spaces concerning elastoplastical problems with friction are established, so it makes all operations and calculations in the treatise standardized within the scope of reasonably topologic structure; In view of functional extremum, the equivalence between generalized variational inequalities principles in elastoplasticity with friction and corresponding basic problems are testified by inducing Lagrangian multipliers, so it provides a rationally theoretical basis for numerical methods in elastoplasticity with friction; From the viewpoint of variational inequality, the theory of generalized variational inequalities in elasticity and elastoplasticity with frictional constraint is studied, and the uniqueness and existence of the solution of FEM is proofed under the proposed conditions of stress compatibility, and them FEM approximation and a discrete solution are discussed; Based on the principles of generalized variational inequalities in elastoplasticity with friction, direct generalized variational inequalities methods is pretended, which is a natural generalization and development of direct variational methods; Using generalized variational inequalities methods, some examples in metal forming including plane deformation, upset and extrusion are analyzed and the results prove that all the theories and methods in the paper are right, feasible, accurate and advanced.

主要内容有：为了合理地描述金属塑性成形中摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性基本问题，提出和研究了有限变形下以Kirchhoff第一应力表示的Coulomb摩擦定律形式和弹塑性流动理论下以增量形式表示的Coulomb摩擦定律表示形式；系统建立了摩擦约束弹塑性问题的Hilbert函数空间，使本文规范在一个具有合理的代数拓扑结构内进行一切操作和运算；利用Lagrange乘子，从泛函极值的角度系统地阐述和论证了一系列摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性广义变分不等原理与相应的实际问题之间的等价性，它为处理摩擦约束的弹塑性力学数值方法提供了合理的理论基础；从变分不等式的角度出发，阐述了对应于摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性问题的广义变分不等式理论，首次提出了在应力相容性条件下，它的有限元解具有存在唯一性，进而讨论了其有限元近似及离散解法；基于摩擦约束弹塑性广义变分不等式原理，首次提出了直接广义变分不等式方法，这一方法是直接变分法的合理推广和发展；利用直接广义变分不等式方法对金属压力加工中的平面变形问题、镦粗、挤压等塑性成形问题进行了分析计算，验证了该理论和数值算法的正确性、实用性、精确性和优越性。

The BEijing Spectrometer is an only large general purpose solenoidal detector at the BEPC, on which the physics is to study e+e- collide physics in 2-5GeV region , the emphasis is in the τ-charm physics and the topics include J/ψ physics,ψ(2S) physics, T physics, Ds physics, D physics and hadrons generation mechanism as well as the test of QCD in 2-5GeV.

经过中外科学家的共同努力，在北京谱仪上已作出了包括"τ轻子质量的精密测量"、"2-5GeV能区的R值测量"，以及在J／ψ、ψ(2S)、Ds介子等物理研究中的多项国际领先水平的重要科研成果，引起了国际高能物理界的普遍重视和广泛关注。

This thesis is devoted to the study of 〓-type inequalities for martingales,such as the maximal inequalities,the inequalities for square functions,the inequali-ties for martingale transforms,the inequalities for singular integrals.

第三章证明了关于Hardy平均算子〓的双〓不等式、双〓凸引理，并通过考虑鞅的重排不等式，建立了鞅的双〓均方函数不等式、条件均方函数不等式，给出了这类不等式成立的一个充分必要条件。

Modem medical physics should include 4 parts, medical imaging physics, nuclear medicine physics, radiation oncology physics, and health physics.

国际相关业界公认，现代医学物理学必须涵盖医学影像物理、肿瘤放射治疗物理、核医学物理和保健物理等重要内容。

In this paper, we mainly study the two problems of teaching and learning physics conception in basic physics, which is relate to Physics of middle school as well as the physics knowledge in the Course Nature of elementary school and General Physics of college.

本文主要研究基础物理中的物理概念的教与学两个方面的问题。本文所指基础物理主要是指中学物理，也泛指小学自然课中的物理知识和中专物理以及大学普通物理。

Secondly, relations between the structuralism and physics teaching illustrate that the physics history can play the role of "advanced organizer" in improving the transfer ability. Moreover, the theory of recapitulation of physics announces the inherent similarity between the process of physics research and the process of physics conception learning. According to constructivist learning theories, the dissertation explains the process of students' learning the scientific concepts.

首先论文通过分析比较皮亚杰认知发展论和库恩科学发展论得出教育实践应与科学发展规律保持一致，应重视物理学史在物理教学中的应用，对于不同认知水平的学生和不同类型的知识应采用不同的教学方法：其次从结构主义与物理教学的关系说明物理学史在提高迁移能力上可以扮演"先行组织者"的角色；再次，通过物理文化重演理论揭示人类研究物理学的过程与学生学习物理概念的过程的内在相似性，并根据建构主义学习理论解释学生学习科学概念的过程。

IiBy the double 〓-inequalities obtained in our thesis,we solve the problemthat classical 〓 inequalities be invalid when the value of the indices of 〓 functionsbe extreme and unify some classical martingale inequalities,for example:we unifyImkeller's inequality and Doob's inequality to the same double 〓-inequality.

第二，利用关于两个〓函数的不等式解决了鞅的经典〓不等式在〓函数数量指标〓取极端值时遇到的困难；统一了某些经典鞅不等式（如将Imkeller不等式与Doob不等式统一为同一种双〓不等式）。

Prof. Long-Ruilin mentioned that if we want to study weighted inequalities for martingales, such as the maximal inequalities, the inequalities for the square operator and so on, the condition imposed on weights are mainly A〓 and S, but we don't know whether this condition is superfluous in all problems we consider. Since the condition can not be weakened for the known operators, now we consider a new operator to discuss its L〓-boundedness, then another problem arises, under what condition can we get it?

龙瑞麟先生曾经提到要讨论关于可测的鞅的极大算子、均方根算子以及条件均方根算子的L〓有界性，或它们之间的〓有界性时，所设的主要条件是A〓与条件S，有了这两个条件在讨论加权问题时基本上没有什么困难，但是要想用更弱的条件来代替它们，即使在古典情况下（此时S条件是自然满足的）也恐怕还不到时候。

It includes radiological imaging physics, radiation oncology physics, nuclear medicine physics, the use of non－ionizing techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, ultra－sound, microwaves, radio frequency waves, and lasers, as well as health physics.

医学物理包括放射肿瘤物理(radiation oncology physics， ROP)、医学影像物理(medical imaging physics， MIP)、核医学物理(nuclear medicine physics， NMP)，其他非电离辐射如核磁、超声、微波、射频、激光等物理因子在医学中的应用，和保健物理(health physics， HP)等分支内容。

Base the embodiment of modern physics and correlative technology, intersectional subjects in high school physics curriculum among the every science curriculum reform home and abroad, especially, the instances that typical high school physics textbook bring modern physics in it, analyse the correlative instances studied before.

从国内外的历次科学课程改革，对现代物理学以及与其相关的技术、交叉学科在高中物理课程中的体现，尤其是从国内外典型的高中物理教科书对现代物理学内容的纳入情况出发，分析已有研究的相关情况。

Although translator has turned from being a crystal ball by which the original culture can unrestrainedly penetrate to another crystal ball by which the target culture can freely traverse, the translator's personal embodiment, in the process of cognitive act, are still absent in translation studies. Translators are still subjects without body or simply disembodied subjects.

译者虽然由原语文化可以自由穿透的玻璃球变成了译语文化可以自由穿越的玻璃球，但译者认知过程中的个体体验在翻译研究中依然缺席，译者依然仅仅是一个没有躯体体验的主体。

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

令人毛骨悚然的，他声称我们的技术是'并不那么复杂，像他们一样，和"如果他们敌意"，他警告说，'我们将现在已经过去了。