查询词典 inefficiencies

The major findings include:(1) By using fuel as the base indicator of relative efficiency, we found the following input factors' distribution inefficiency for domestic airlines: The distribution inefficiency of labor and capital input factors differs from airline to airline, and is becoming more severe with time; the distribution inefficiency of other factors does not differ very much among airlines but varies with time. It is inefficient from 1989 to 1995 but becomes more efficient during 1996 to 1997;(2) Airline companies have higher economies of density before 1996, but tend to show a constant return to density in 1997 when considering allocative distortions. The technical efficiency of input factors as a whole has declined after the open-air policy;(3) The costs of airlines are increasing significantly due to their distribution inefficiencies;(4) The instrument variable generated through a quasi price function does not have significant influence on cost; this may imply that airline companies in this time period did not exhibit the phenomena of high-quality high-price.

其主要结论如下：(1)藉由相对燃油分配效率探讨各投入要素之分配扭曲情形发现：劳动和因定投入要素之分配无效率因公司别而有所不同，且随时间而严重，唯民国86年稍有改善；其他要素之分配无效率则较不因公司别而有所不同，但亦随时间发生变化，初期为无效率，在民国85、86年则较具效率；(2)若考虑分配扭曲情形下，国内航空业在民国85年之前具有较高之密度经济，民国86年则趋向固定密度报酬；此整体投入要素之技术效率而官，在天空开放政策后其技术效率随时间变化而下降，但就燃油投入要素平均技术进步率而言，则其技术效率逐年增加且幅度明显；(3)航空公司因分配无效率所造成成本增加的情形相当明显；(4)准价格工具变数对成本之影响并不明显，此可能反映在此期间国内航空公司似乎并未趋向於高品质高价格之现象。

The economic growth accounting of China's provinces between 1990 and 2004 finds some results like the following: no matter whether human capital was introduced or not, there were technological inefficiencies in most provinces'economic activity which were pure technological inefficiencies or scale technological inefficiencies; technological change, capital deepening and human capital accumulating all promoted labor productivity, but technological efficiency change played a negative role during these years as a whole; the descending order of provincial difference of labor productivities'changes brought out by each factor was technological change, capital deepening, technological efficiency change and human capital accumulating; each province's pure technological efficiency change or scale efficiency change not only had different size, but also different evolution route.

中国各省在1990～2004年间的经济增长核算结果表明：不论是否引入人力资本，大多数省份的经济活动都存在着技术无效率，这既包括纯技术无效率，也包括规模无效率；技术进步、资本深化和人力资本积累都促进了劳动生产率的提高，而技术效率的变化整体上来说在其中起阻碍作用；各因子引致的劳动生产率变化的省际差异从大到小依次为技术进步、资本深化、技术效率的变化和人力资本积累；各省的纯技术效率或规模效率的变化不仅大小不同，而且它们的演变路径也不一样。

"The problem is how to motivate managers to disgorge the cash rather than investing it below the cost of capital or wasting it on organizational inefficiencies." The solution to this problem can, in some circumstances, be debt financing.

323的方式表达："问题是如何激发管理者交出现金，而不是投资于低于资本成本或者浪费在组织机构的低效率上"这个问题的解决方案，在某种情况下，是融资债券。

Based on the theory of agency, the theory of property rights and the theory of the ownership structure of the firm, Michael C. Jensen developed a hypothesis of free cash flow. He points out "Conflicts of interest between shareholders and managers over payout policies are especially severe when the organization generates substantial free cash flow. The problem is how to motivate managers to disgorge the cash rather than investing it at below the cost of capital or wasting it on organization inefficiencies."

在借鉴资本结构论、公司控制权市场论、契约论等研究成果的基础上，詹森提出了自由现金流量理论，该理论主要讨论了股东与管理者之间存在的代理成本问题，认为股东应该"促使管理者吐出这些现金，而不是将剩余现金以低于资本成本的收益率进行投资，或者在低效率的组织中耗费"。

Mexico's president, Felipe Calderón, sent police to shut down Luz y Fuerza del Centro, a state-owned electricity firm where featherbedding and inefficiencies cost the government $3 billion a year. The electricians' union protested.

墨西哥总统卡尔德龙命令警方强行关闭了一家国有电力公司Luz y Fuerza del Centro，其超额雇工和低效率使政府每年损失30亿美元，这也引起了电工工会的抗议。

Rude awakening 猛然醒悟 Mexico's president, Felipe Calderón, sent police to shut down Luz y Fuerza del Centro, a state-owned electricity firm where featherbedding and inefficiencies cost the government $3 billion a year.

墨西哥总统卡尔德龙命令警方强行关闭了一家国有电力公司Luz y Fuerza del Centro，其超额雇工和低效率使政府每年损失30亿美元，这也引起了电工工会的**。

Ishrat Husain, governor of the State Bank of Pakistan, discussed Pakistan's government-owned banks, which have had the more common experience, particularly its agricultural development bank: high nonperforming loans, overstaffing and other inefficiencies, and poor customer service.

巴基斯坦国家银行行长伊什拉特·侯赛因对巴基斯坦那些具有更多共同经历的国有银行、特别是农业发展银行进行了探讨：不良贷款居高不下、人员臃肿和其他低效率现象，以及糟糕的顾客服务等。

The bad news: There will be more shortages and gross inefficiencies in the allocation of resources.

坏消息：将会有更多的资源短缺和严重的低效率的资源分配。

It also highlighted the gross inefficiencies in quality control of China's fragmented and rapidly growing dairy industry.

它还突显出，在中国分散但快速增长的乳制品行业，质量控制的效率严重低下。

But to the extent that nations, or influential elements of the economic sector within nations, can continue to make money off of the inefficiencies and transaction cost generating events arising from differences in territorially based values or regulatory regimes in a world increasing tending toward a free movement of capital standard, we will continue to suffer through manipulation of these inefficiencies.

或许，有一天，世界将开始趋向以某种如100日元=1美元=1欧元的标准实行全球通用货币，但只要国家或国家内部有影响力的经济部门在世界日益走向资本自由流动的标准中，继续以低效率及基于地域价值或调控制度差异中所生的手续费赖以为生，我们将继续遭受这些低效率的操控。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷