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The whole industrial chain and branch chains of circular economy have been planned for Zhenhai chemical park. The branch chains consist of ethane chain, C_1 chain, HC1 chain, H_2chain, NH3 chain and S chain. The concept of equivalent pollutant emission, E, has beenproposed and a reference line based on equivalent pollutant emission has been given and applied to the primary appraisal for Zhenhai chemical park. The whole chain and branch chemical industry chains have been also planned for ZJC group company, which include the industrial chain containing fluorine, the industrial chain of basic chemicals and the industrial chain of petroleum chemical industry.

本文对镇海化学工业区的工业链构建进行了可行性分析；完成了园区工业链的整体规划设计，和包括乙烯工业链、碳一工业链、HCl工业链、H_2工业链、NH_3工业链、S元素工业链在内的6条分链的设计；提出了污染排放当量E_t~′的概念，并将其应用到园区工业链招商的初评，制定了入园参考线；本文在对ZJC集团公司发展现状分析的基础上，根据其物质流和能量流的分析，进行了工业链的总体设计，并对氟化工产业、基础化工产业(包括以合成氨为代表的煤化工、以氯碱生产为代表的盐化工以及硫酸、电石等产业)和石油精细化工产业完成了分链设计，进行了分链的分析，提出了建议。

Industrial design related to psychology, sociology, aesthetics, ergonomics, mechanical construction, photography, color science, methodology and design of the three constitute a basis for ======================================== Into the United States, Europe, Japan and other developed countries for industrial design and industrial design definition of the development process U.S. industrial design information age The United States is the first country to enter the information age, information technology is the most developed countries.

工业设计相关的心理学，社会学，美学，人机工程学，机械建筑，摄影，色彩学，办法和三个设计构成的基础========================================进入美国，欧洲，日本和工业设计和发展过程中美国工业设计信息时代的美国工业设计定义其他发达国家美国是第一个国家进入信息时代，信息技术是最发达的国家。

Then, have described the current situation of industry"s development of guide of our country and summarized the industrial policythat such countries as U.S.A., Japan ,etc. develop the high-tech industry, from the industrial structure policy, industrial organization policy , industry technological policy and industry overall arrangement policy four respect put foi"ward in an all-round way building well-off society period of our country guide industrial police of industry.

继而，描述了我国先导产业发展的现状，总结美国、日本等国发展高技术产业的产业政策，从产业结构政策、产业组织政策、产业技术政策和产业布局政策四方面提出了全面建设小康社会时期我国先导产业的产业政策。

The conclusion is that the present economic level of China is approximately equal to that of the developed countries in 1970s, and the present Chinese FDI outflow is approximately equal to that of the developed countries between 1960s and 1970s, and that the Chinese FDI outflow lags behind its economic development. In its demonstration of the industrial transfer limit theory, the paper puts forward its main viewpoint, namely, FDI is a means of transferring behindhand industry and heightening industrial structure adopted by developed countries, but this type of industrial transfer will not move in a cycle and the limit of the transfer will occur inevitably. In other words, FDI is not a means of improving industrial structure for such big developing countries as China and India. The paper, too, advances the theory of institution advantage, holding that the development of Chinese TNCs will not be explained reasonably unless institution advantage is entered into the OIL paradigm. This theory enriches and complements the theory of TNC.

这种研究在笔者所查阅的资料文献中尚属少见，其基本结论是，中国的经济发展相当于发达国家1970年代的水平，但中国对外的FDI相当于其1960 ~1970年代的水平，相显滞后；本文论证了产业转移极限论，主要观点是，对外进行FDI是发达国家转移落后产业，提升自己产业结构的手段，但这种产业转移不能顺次循环下去，必然会出现转移的极限，即对外直接投资不会是中国、印度等较大的发展中国家提升产业结构的手段；本文还提出了制度优势论的观点，即在OIL范式中，还须增加制度优势，方能对中国的跨国公司成长做出合理的解释，这是对跨国公司理论的一个完善和补充。

The institute equipped with 760 sets of all classes of large-scale apparatus, which included computer workstation, large format scanners,large format graphic plotter, X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer, Atomic?Absorption?Spectrometry, powder X-ray diffraction, One-meter Plane-grating Spectrograph, Oscillographic Polarograph, ScanningElectron Microscope, Infrared Spectrometer, Electronic Precision Balance, Sspectrophotometer, semi-industrial ferromagnetic separator,semi-industrial scrubbing machine, semi-industrial continuous dense-medium separation apparatus; semi-industrial continuous gravityconcentrating table equipment and etc.

拥有计算机工作站、大幅面工程扫描仪、大幅面绘图仪、X荧光光谱仪等离子体时序式光电直读光谱仪、原子吸收分光光度计、粉晶X衍射、一米光栅摄谱仪、示波极谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、精密电子天平、分光光度计、半工业型强磁选机、半工业型擦洗、半工业型重介质、半工业型重选摇床等设备760 多台。

Since 1999, the Russian economy has witnessed a rapid growth. However, the Russian government did not take advantage of this favorable opportunity to carry out industrial restructuring, but rather adopting a "passive adaptation" policy, which results in Russia's dual industrial structure today. On the one hand, Russia's total industrial structure has undergone positive changes, not only there has been preprimary adjustment in the relationship between the three industries, but there is a high-level trend in the industrial structure; on the other hand, the internal structure of Russian industry seems to become more unreasonable, even somewhat backwards.

在1999年以来俄罗斯经济的迅速攀升中，俄政府没有利用这一有利时机进行产业结构调整，而是采取"消极适应"的政策，于是出现了今天俄罗斯产业结构的双元现象：一方面，俄罗斯总的产业结构发生了积极的变化，不仅三次产业的关系得到了初步的调整，而且产业结构出现了走向高级化的趋势；另一方面，俄罗斯各产业内部的结构愈发不合理，甚至呈现倒退的态势。

In China, there are a lot of great development on industrial cluster, such as the high-tech industrial cluster in Zhong Guan Chun Science Park, Beijing, the extroversive machining industrial cluster in Dong Guan, Guang Dong province, and the industrial clusters of civil SMEs in Wen Zhou, Zhe Jiang province etc. Nevertheless, generally, it is still not balanceable on the development of industrial cluster in China.

本文首先对产业集群内的技术创新扩散进行了一般性分析，研究了技术创新扩散的动力机制、影响条件、模式及过程，从而掌握了其发展轨迹和一般规律，并指出了存在于产业集群内的技术创新扩散活动的特征，分析了不同产业集群模式对扩散活动的影响。

This paper started with discussion of innovation source, and found the contribution of industrial cluster for technological innovation. In succession, I made a simple depiction of some interrelated theory about industrial cluster technological innovation. Then, I pay more attention about introducing how the industrial cluster played the role of Hatcher, how the relationship between industrial cluster and technological innovation. After studying this, I abstract the model of the enterprises technological innovation in the industrial cluster. I found there were three kinds of model: one is Inner studying model, one is Exterior studying model, and the other is"Indraught- Diffusion- Absorbability"model.

本文开篇以探讨创新源入手，引出了产业集群对技术创新的贡献，接下来在简要的介绍了产业集群的技术创新理论之后，又重点论述了产业集群如何发挥其孵化器的功能、产业集群与技术创新的关联性等方面的问题，引出产业集群中的企业的技术创新模式，主要从集群内部学习型模式、外部学习模式、以及&引进——扩散——吸收&型模式来研究产业集群的创新模式，这些模式各有其优点，并且适用于不同类型的集群企业。

After an analysis of the fundamental characteristics of international industrial leadership, Chapter Five suggests that China should implement the strategies of incepting industrial transferred advantage, industrial overtaking advantage, industrial pioneering advantage and form a reasonable combination of resources, capitals and techniques, is a desirable approach to China's cultivation of industrial leadership.

第五章则立足全球产业结构调整和产业转移的现状，分析了世界产业领先的基本特点，提出在开放经济条件下，中国推动产业升级的可选目标将是走新型工业化道路，在吸引FDI流入中实施接转战略、赶超战略和先发战略，培育产业领先优势。

Next takes the Dali state as an example, it analyzes present situation and the question of Dalis advance in technology and the industrial structure qualitatively and quantitatively. The advance in technology technical progress factor is not high is the main barrier of the industrial structure adjustment, through discovers the breach of the industrial structure adjustment, proposes the main direction of Dali industrial structure adjustment. Third, according to comparison superiority of the western area, proposes the western area industrial structure adjustment guiding ideology and the strategy key.

其次以大理州为例，定性定量地分析了大理的科技进步和产业结构的现状和问题，科技进步的贡献率不高是制约产业结构调整的主要障碍，通过找出产业结构调整的突破口，提出了大理产业结构调整的主要方向。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。