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Part III Gambogic acid induces death inducer-obliterator 1-mediated apoptosisTo explore the apoptosis inducing effects of GA on Jurkat cells and Raji cells and its underlying mechanism.

第三部分藤黄酸对淋系肿瘤细胞系死亡诱导清理子的调控作用探讨藤黄酸对人急性T淋巴细胞白血病细胞株Jurkat细胞和人Burkitt淋巴瘤细胞株Raji细胞的抗癌作用的分子机理。

On the basis of results of our test,we suggest that low temperature pretreatment changes content of endogenous IAA and iPA of anther,thus interrupts previous developmental direction of pollen and induces microspores develop from a gametophytic way to a sporophytic way.

根据实验结果，推测低温预处理改变了花药内源IAA和iPA含量，阻断了花粉原来的发育方向，使其由配子体的发育途径转向孢子体的发育途径。

When Gluma is applied in vivo, two reactions occur: first, GA reacts with part of the serum albumin in dentinal fluid, which induces a precipitation of serum albumin; and, second, the reaction of GA with serum albumin forms dihydropyridinium, whose disproportionation gives rise to free radicals, and the free radicals induce the polymerization of HEMA.

首次提出Gluma的脱敏机理为：当Gluma涂在过敏的牙本质上时，首先戊二醛交联牙本质液中的血清蛋白并产生沉淀；同时戊二醛与血清蛋白的反应产生二氢吡啶盐，它发生歧化反应，歧化过程中会有自由基产生，从而引发HEMA 聚合，生成另外一部分沉淀，这两部分沉淀共同堵住牙本质小管，起到了脱敏作用。

The transforming growth factor-β superfamily, a large group of highly conserved growth factors including TGF-βs, activins and BMPs, regulate a wide variety of cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Signals from these growth factors are transduced by a group of Smad proteins. To date, there are nine vertebrate Smads, including the receptor-activated Smads , Smadsl-3, 5 and 8, the common mediator Smad4 and Smad4β, and the inhibitory Smads, Smad6 and 7. Signaling is initiated when the ligand induces assembly of a heteromeric complex of type Ⅱ and type Ⅰ TGFβ receptors. Then R-Smads are directly phosphorylated by activated type I TGF-β receptors.

在多种SMADS中，SMAD5令我们产生兴趣，基于三个原因：1、Smad5基因敲除胚胎中发现卵黄囊的异位造血以及CFU-GM祖细胞数目增加，表明SMAD5可能是早期造血发育的负向调控基因。；2、应用反义核酸封闭Smad5可以逆转TGF-β对祖细胞增殖的抑制效应，表明它可能介导TGF-β信号转导，后者的异常，包括某些SMADS的功能异常，和白血病紧密相关；3、Smad5基因定位在人染色体5q21，此区域的缺失和急性髓系白血病和骨髓增生异常综合症相关，因此，Smad5被怀疑为白血病抑制基因。

The expression of hfgl 2 may be correlated with the characteristic hypercoagulability in cancer, which in turn induces tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The molecule of hfgl 2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the management of tumor development.

恶性肿瘤时存在hfgl 2的高表达，并且可能与肿瘤高凝状态的形成及肿瘤的演进有关。

Topiramate induced hypohidrosis is reversible, but can be clinically significant during heat stress and exercise challenge. This side effect challenges patients'confidence of long term drug therapy. On the other hand, although hypohidrosis is an adverse effect of topiramate when used for other indications, its anti-sweat producing effects may be beneficial in conditions of hyperhidrosis. How topiramate induces its antiperspirant effects is unclear.

托吡酯减少汗液分泌的确切机制尚不明确，对这一问题的探讨可为有效地预防、对抗此种副作用的发生提供依据，从而提高癫癎患者药物治疗的依从性和治疗效果；另一方面，多汗症的治疗手段较少，效果亦欠佳，对托吡酯引起泌汗障碍的机制进行研究可以化害为利，为托吡酯治疗多汗症提供实验证据。

PX induces the synthesizing and releasing of CRH by CRHneurons increase, activates HPA axis through hypophyseal portal system, thenmelatonin supplementation can partly reverse the abnormality, which indicates pinealbody is one of the key factors to maintain the structural and functional stablity ofneuroendocrine-immune network

松果体摘除导致大鼠下丘脑室旁核CRH 神经元合成和释放CRH 增加，并通过垂体门脉系统激活整条HPA 轴，而补充外源性褪黑素后能在一定程度上逆转上述异常，表明松果体是神经——内分泌——免疫网络的结构和功能的重要稳定因素之一。

Nucleoprotein is also a major immunogenetic antigen for SARS; however, several tests have shown that N protein had the reactivity with other coronavirus positive sera. It is therefore an advantage of S protein as recombinant target antigen for SARS serum diagnosis compared with recombinant N protein. Moreover, S protein has been shown to be the major antigenic determinant that induces neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity to SARS-CoV, so it is also important in designing SARS genetic engineering vaccine.

SARS-CoV S 蛋白由1255 个氨基酸组成，体外表达如此大的蛋白很困难，而且表达蛋白的可溶性不高；其次，实验已经证实，全长S 蛋白含有大量无关的表位，致使表达的全长S蛋白对SARS 阳性血清的检出率低于S 蛋白片段；另外作为疫苗研究，S 蛋白上大量无关表位作为异体蛋白进入体内，会引发机体的过度免疫反应，这也是SARS-CoV 可能的致病机理之一。

At the same time, with the development of urban constructing, area of impenetration is increasing year after year, which makes many seriously short of water city not taking full advantage of rainwater. It not only enormously wastes to precipitation, but also induces flood and waterlogging calamity.

与此同时，随着城市建设的不断发展，不透水面积逐年增加，又使得许多水资源严重缺乏的城市，城区大量的雨水没有得到充分的利用而白白流失，同时还可能直接造成城市的洪涝危害。

The Earth environment has its boundary,for its economical scope,it is worked as variousfactors of production limited and not substituted,and it can be divided into theappropriable natural resources and the inappropriable public environmental services.Activities of the economic subsystem are absolutely constrained in the environment.The environment shared by all human being,and acted as public goods too,theeconomic subsystem always tends to ignore the environment so that results inrent-free resources tragedy of the commons,and induces serious environmentalproblems.

人类处于地球宇宙飞船之中，地球环境有边界，它为人类生产活动所提供的各种生产要素——可分割的自然资源和不可分割的公共环境服务是有限并难以替代的，环境中的经济子系统活动必然受环境约束。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。