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The prior cycles with higher axial stress and larger strain range greatly restrains ratchetting strain of subsequent cycling with lower ones. Creep behavior plays an important role in the ratchetting strain and its influence on ratchetting behavior can not be neglected. Fracture morphology characteristics of two kinds of materials were investigated by scanning electron microscope. It shows that failure of material A is induced by cavitation and that of material B is induced by decohesion. For material A, with the decreasing strain amplitude the fracture surface shows more larger diameter globular particles under uniaxial loading and can be seen more obvious and deep crack under multiaxial loading. However for material B, with the decreasing strain amplitude fracture surface shows larger and larger scalelike shape and becomes more smooth under uniaxial loading, but fracture surface under multiaxial loading looks like more smooth than that of uniaxial loading, and shows gradually wave-like morphology.

通过扫描电子显微镜研究表明：材料A为空穴引起的失效，材料B为剥离导致疲劳破坏；随着载荷幅值的减小，材料A在单轴载荷下，断口表面浮出更多更大直径的球状颗粒，而多轴载荷下，可以看到很深的裂纹；随着载荷幅值的减小，材料B在单轴载荷下，断口表面鱼鳞片越来越大，表面越来越平整，而多轴载荷与单轴载荷相比，断口表面看上去更加平整，并且随着载荷幅值的减小，断口逐渐呈现波浪形貌；通过微观的傅立叶变换红外光谱分析，结果表明随着应变幅值的增加，无论载荷是单轴还是多轴状态下，橡胶材料吸光度比值随着幅值的增加而增加，这说明体系中的结晶含量也随之增加。

To study the efficacity of space-induced towards the Artemia sinica spawn and select individuals with big genetic differences to propagate,this paper collect totally 59 space-induced and control Artemia sinic to carry out the genetic diversity inspection and relative's analyses using four sets of AFLP selective primers for amplification.

每对引物均获得清晰的扩增图谱，共检出222个清晰可辨的不同扩增片段，其中多态位点189个，占85.1%；UPGMA和NJ聚类分析图显示，来自空间诱变组的M5单独聚类，而其它58个个体聚为另一类，其他太空诱变组与地面对照组的个体交叉聚类，地面对照和太空诱变组遗传差异不明显。

Others desynchronized with 5－90 Hz primary depth electrographic after-discharges;(2) primary electrographic after-discharges were driven by primary unit after-discharges in the anterior dorsal HPC;(3) primary unit after-discharges were induced by brief primary electrographic after-discharges; and (4) plasticity of primary electrographic after-discharges and inhibition of single neuron firing were induced by repetitive ATPDH.

非同步性后放电的深部电图癫痫样电活动具有宽频带特征(5－90 Hz)；(2)原发性单位后放-后抑制效应可以引发低频原发性电图后放电，长时程爆发式单位放电可以诱发高频原发性电图后放电；(3)短束原发性电图后放电也可以诱发原发性单位后放电；(4)原发性电图后放电和神经元单位放电的抑制效应具有明显可塑性特征。

In chapter 4, we studied the effects of spontaneously induced coherence on absorption properties. Firstly, we gave the definition of electromagnetically induced absorption and introduced theway of obtaining EIA using transfer of coherence and transfer of population.

第四章主要研究了自发辐射诱导相干对原子系统的吸收特性的影响，本章首先给出电磁感应吸收的定义并介绍了一些文献中利用相干转移及几率转移产生电磁感应吸收的理论。

Equivalently, the induced electromotive force is the result of the rotation of electric field of light in the electron cloud. Polarization of electron cloud by light and its influences on the induced electromotive force are discussed.

分析了光电场在电子云上引发的极化，以及电子云上的极化对感生电动势的影响，进一步明确了光对电子的三种作用——光的电场作用、磁场作用和电磁感应作用——之间的区别。

To date, three kinds of reverse genetics systems, in vitro transcription system, system induced by endogeny T7 RNA polymerase and system induced by RNA polymeraseⅡ, were used to research IBDV. But these systems have some shortcomings in the efficiency and convenience of virus rescue.

目前用于IBDV研究的体外转录、基于T7RNA聚合酶的体内转录、RNA聚合酶Ⅱ体内转录等反向遗传操作系统在病毒拯救效率和操作简便性等方面仍然存在着一些问题。

Adventitious buds were directly induced from the surface of epicotyl explants under the condition with the combinations of IBA 0.1 mg/L and BA 0.2-0.7 mg/L. Of which IBA 0.1 mg/L and BA 0.5 mg/L induced the highest regeneration frequency.

结果表明，在IBA O.1 mg/L与BA 0.2～0.7 mg/L组合的条件下，不定芽从上胚轴外植体的表面直接被诱导分化，其中以在MS+IBA 0.1 mg/L+BA 0.5 mg/L上的诱导率最高。

According to experimental results and etiopathogenisis and pathology of osteoporosis , and analyzing review investigation on hepcidin、associations of bone metabolism and iron metabolism and relations of ferri ion and calcium ion,we can make conclusions as follows: 1、We applied single manmade intervention approach to induce osteoporosis model in this study, there was no other influential factor. In the termination of test , rats bone density and bone histological anatomy indicated that osteoporosis model was creditable,meanwhile hepatic functional enzyme and hepatic microtome section demonstrated that hepatic function had noci-influence induced by medicinal herbs resource. Accordingly, we could believe that hepatic hepcidin gene expression and serum hepcidin contents can represent internal iron metabolism changes at selected test time. 2、In this investigation, different findings between test group and control group indicated that:according to changes of hepcidin gene expression measured by RT-PCR and changes of serum hepcidin contents determined by ELISA kit , there were correlations between hepcidin and rat osteoporosis model induced by retinoic acid. 3、Under the condition of this investigation,there was a interactive hypothesis as follows: Hepcidin iron metabolism←→ferriion←→calcium ion←→osteoporosis.

根据本次实验结果，对骨质疏松的病因病理的认识及铁代谢与铁调素、骨代谢与铁代谢关系、铁离子与钙离子的关系系列研究的回顾，经分析得出如下结论：1、本研究骨质疏松模型采用单一人工干预方法，没有其他影响因素；实验结束时大鼠骨密度、骨组织学检查表明骨质疏松形成，同时肝脏功能酶和HE切片显示肝脏功能未受药源性产生明显损伤性影响；因此，同期不同时间组大鼠肝脏铁调素基因表达、血清铁调素含量可以代表体内铁代谢不同时间的变化。2、在本研究中，模型组与对照组研究结果的差异表明：铁调素基因RT-PCR变化、血清铁调素ELISA测定含量变化与维甲酸制作的大鼠骨质疏松模型形成有实验相关性。3、在本研究平台下，形成了一个互相影响的假设图：铁调素←→铁代谢←→铁离子←→钙离子骨质疏松。

In the fifth chapter,we mainly discuss the relationship of the metric space induced by a Loeb measure space and the metric space induced by a internal finitely additive measure space.

在第五章，我们重点讨论了由有限测度空间导出的度量空间和由内有限可加测度空间导出的度量空间的关系，然后在此关系的基础上研究了由内有限可加测度空间导出的度量空间的性质。

The amide local anesthetics andthe amide analog enhanced diazoxide-induced flavoproteinfluorescence by 5% to 20%, whereas ester local anesthetics decreaseddiazoxide-induced flavoprotein fluorescence by 5% to 60% andthe non-amide local anesthetic analogs had no effect.

酰胺类局麻药及其类似物可使二氮嗪激发的黄素蛋白荧光增强5％到20％，而酯类局麻药可使二氮嗪激发的黄素蛋白荧光减弱5％到60％，非酯类局麻药类似物无影响。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。