查询词典 individualism

American individualism, originated from the Western philosophical individualism, has come to be the core of Americanism.

美国是当今世界唯一的超级大国，它的政治制度、经济体系、文化活动都牵动着现代英语国家的神经。

The current study aims at distinctions of facework employment between Chinese and western culture, and leaning towards mixing. The discussion mainly focus on the followings: the analysis of characteristics of traditional"li"culture; Chinese concept of"face"in"li"culture; individualism in American culture; individualism in Chinese communication;the acceptance of"li"in American concept of face. What is really new in this study is to find out new tendency of mixing of"face"concepts in Chinese-Western communication.

在不同的文化背景下，其应用方式和应用原则大相径庭，本文旨在论述和研究中国和美国两种不同的文化背景下，面子问题在交际过程中应用的区别，对交际效果产生的影响以及相互融合的趋势，主要从以下几方面进行论述：阐述中国传统"礼"文化的特点；"礼"文化影响下中国人的面子观；美国文化中的个人主义特点；个人主义价值观中面子概念的特点；中国人交往中个人主义的突显。

Once analyzing with familist approach, there would be tow important differences from individualist approach:(1) Familism regards life as being unlimited, while individualism regards life as limited;(2) Familism regards individuals as members of family are not independent and equal with each other, while individualism regards individuals are independent and equal with each other.

一旦以家庭主义视角分析问题，就会产生两个与个人主义视角的重要区别：（1）在个人主义看来生命是有限的，而在家庭主义看来生命是无限的；（2）在个人主义看来个人之间是互相独立的，平等的，在家庭主义看来作为家庭成员的个人之间不是互相独立的，平等的。

President Lin Chun-shin pointed out that this contention evoked academic disputes because the book adopted inappropriate basic documents and division of historical periods. Besides, there was a lack of foreign comparison and precise definition. Individualism was not uniquely from England. The author should have ulterior motives for discussing individualism with the inclusion of all behaviors of "free tenants." For example, he intended to relate individualism to capitalism. As a matter of fact, capitalism is only a system stressing that the function of "capital" is to shape an efficient society. The said society, whether it upholds individualism or the familism, or adopts other polity, could function just the same.

林俊兴董事长表示，由於本书采用的基础文献与历史分期并不适切，又缺乏对外比较与准确定义，所以其论述颇有学术争议；个人主义并非英格兰特有，作者将「自由佃户」的行为都归类为个人主义来论述，应有其他动机，例如想衍生出个人主义与资本主义间的议题；但事实上资本主义仅是一种制度，强调的是「资本」的作用形塑出更有效率的社会，至於该社会崇尚个人还是家族主义，或是采行不同的政体皆可运行。

Rusults Individuals in individualism culture reported higher life satisfaction than those in collectivism culture,but no sigmficant differences were found on positive or negative affect; individuals in individualism culture tended to be more idiocenrism, but hose in collectivism culture tended to be more allocentrism; the congruence between individual and ecological culture led to higher SWB, but incongruence between individual and ecological culture did not decrease individuals' SWB necessarily. The oriemtations of harmony and self concern predicted SWB across different cultures.

结果 个人主义文化群的生活满意度高于集体主义文化群，但在积极情感和消极情感体验上无显著文化差异；个人主义文化群表现出更高的自我中心取向，而集体主义文化群表现出更高的他人中心取向；个体文化取向与生态文化相一致是主观幸福感的重要来源，但个体文化取向与生态文化不一致并不一定会降低个体的幸福感水平。

However,with the development of capitalism, rationalist individualism evolves gradually into ir rationalist individualism.

但随着资本主义的发展，理性主义的个人主义逐渐演变成了非理性主义的个人主义。

It aims to get an unbiased view of individualism, and tries to find something valuable to our own development.

目的是获得一个较公正的individualism的认识，并且发掘出对中国发展有益的一些东西。

Apart from such form of false individualism as "constructivist rationalism" described by Hayek there exist various other forms of it, namely irrationalistic false individualism (which can be found in all versions of existentialism) and especially that form of false individualism which is a necessary consequence of post-modernism with its basic creed ANTHROPOS METRON PANTON.

哈耶克所提出的&伪个人主义&，实为&构造出来的理性主义&。在此种形式之外，却存在各色各样的其他形式，即&非理性主义之伪个人主义&（此一形式，可从各种形式的&存在主义&之论述中找到），及另一种特别的、为后现代主义之必然结果的伪个人主义-------其基本信条即为古希腊诡辩家Protagoras所说之 Anthropos Metron Panton，即&人类是衡量所有事物的标准&。

Anything that would violate our right to think for ourselves, judge for ourselves, make our own decisions, live our lives as we see fit, is not only for ourselves, but for thouse we care about, for our society and for the world, are closely linked to also closely linked to our individualism.we donot argue that american should abandon individualism--that would mean for us to abandon our deepest identity.but individualism has come to mean so many things and to contain such contradictions and paradoxes that even to defend it requires that we analyze it critically,that we consider especially those tendencies that would destroy it from within.

凡是违背我们想为自己的权利，法官对自己作出自己的决定，我们活在我们认为适当的生活，不仅是为自己，而是为我们关心的人，为我们的社会和世界，是密切联系又紧密联系我国利益。辩称美国应放弃个人主义--这将意味着我们要放弃我们最深切身份。但是个人主义有这么多事情，就是这种矛盾和悖论牵制甚至捍卫它要求我们必须认真分析，我们认为，特别是那些倾向性就毁来自。

This paper views these two novels as two experiments on the emerging modern individualism in the fiction world, which, through the experience of isolated individuals struggling in very difficult situations, explore the potentials and limitations of modem individualism. After these two novels are scrutinized by deconstructionist methodology, it is found that from the very origin of modern novels there exists a bewilderment of and even challenge to individualism.

本文将这两部小说看作是新生的现代个人主义在艺术世界中所进行的两个&试验&：它们通过考察孤立个体在生存极境中的遭遇，检视了现代个人主义所能创造的辉煌和可以企及的极限；而运用解构主义的分析方法可以发现，现代小说自源头起就潜藏着对个人主义的困惑和质疑。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。