查询词典 index forest

The results showed that 9 natural vegetation types were distributed in 6 gradients. Except gradientⅠ, the dominant vegetation types along other gradients were all monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest. Gradient had greater effects on the distribution of seasonal rainforest and temperate coniferous forest, had some effects on the distribution of mountain rainforest, deciduous monsoon threat and river valley savanna forest, had smaller effects on monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest had no effect on warm-hot savanna forest and tropical bamboo forest.

结果表明：9个自然植被类型在6个坡度级均有分布；6个坡度级中除Ⅰ坡度级优势类型是水域外其他坡度级的优势植被类型均是季风常绿阔叶林；坡度对季节雨林和暖温性针叶林的分布影响较大，对山地雨林、落叶季雨林和河谷稀树灌木草丛的分布有一定影响，对季风常绿阔叶林和暖热性稀树灌木草丛的分布影响较小，对暖热性针叶林和热性竹林的分布无影响。

The concept system on forest carrying capacity is framed, and "forest actual carrying capacity"and"forest maximum carrying capacity" and"forest carrying quantity"and"forest carrying index"are defined in this paper.

3在明确了森林承载力评价的目的，确立了森林承载力评价的原则和时空尺度的基础上，建立了森林承载力评价的概念模型和逻辑框架，为森林承载力的评价提供了基本思路。

It is shown that it is difficulty to differentiate each vegetation type among sub-tropical evergreen forest, sub-tropical coniferous forest and sub-tropical deciduous forest because of the mixture of their tree spectra. According to the reflection index in the wavelengths of 750 nm to 1 100 nm, the tree species can be divided into 4 groups with descend in reflectivity. Each tree specie can be differentiated from each other according to its slope of the spectrum curve and its reflection index in the wavelengths of 770 nm to 1 010 nm for each forest vegetation type. The unique first order derivative feature can be used to identify litsea, alder, fir, red birch, southwest birch, large schima confertiflora, taiwania flousian and small leaf schima confertiflora.

研究表明：亚热带常绿阔叶林、亚热带针叶林和亚热带落叶阔叶林等植被类型，因其树种间光谱特征混淆严重，而难以彼此区分；根据其反射率在750~1 100 nm范围上的差异，可将其归为4类；就各植被类型而言，其树种间在光谱曲线坡度，以及在770~1 010 nm范围上具有显著差异，可据此将其区分；木姜子、桤木、杉木、红桦、大叶木荷、秃杉和小叶木荷等因具有独特的光谱一阶导数特征，据此可以识别提取。

The species diversity of Dipentodon sinicus communities in Yushe National Forest Park of Guizhou province was studied based on the quadrate method. The results showed that Rosaceae, Ericaceae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Theaceae, Lauraceae, Caprifoliaceae, Cornaceae were the dominant families in D. sinicus communities of Yushe National Forest Park. In the 10 sample plots, there were 8 which were absolutely dominated with D. sinicus population, the importance value came up to 135.69 on average, and it was far higher than the others. For D. sinicus communities, the abundance index (2.847), Simpson index (0.601), Shannon-Wiener index (1.523), probability of inter-specific encounter (0.601) and species evenness (0.569) of the tree layer were lower than those of the shrub layer (5.580, 0.830, 2.377, 0.829, 0.672, respectively) on the whole. It markedly showed a species diversity characteristic of the mixed broadleaved evergreen and deciduous forest in middle subtropics. In the 10 sample plots, the species diversity level of Q1 was the highest, followed by Q3, Q5 and Q6 was the lowest.

摘要运用样方法对贵州省玉舍国家级森林公园稀有保护植物十齿花群落的物种多样性进行了研究，结果表明：玉舍国家级森林公园十齿花群落以蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、壳斗科、桦木科、山茶科、樟科、忍冬科、山茱萸科等为优势科；10个样地中有8个样地以十齿花种群占绝对优势，其平均重要值高达135.69，远远高于其它种群；十齿花群落乔木层物种丰富度为2.847、Simpson指数为0.601、Shannon-Wiener指数为1.523、种间相遇机率为0.601、均匀度指数为0.569，总体上均小于灌木层(分别为：5.580、0.830、2.377、0.829、0.672)，表现为较明显的亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林的物种多样性特征。10个样地中，Q1的物种多样性程度最高，Q3次之，Q5和Q6最小，多样性程度最低，10个样地的物种多样性排序为Q1＞Q3＞Q9＞Q7＞Q2＞Q4＞Q10＞Q8＞Q5＞Q6。

The diversity index of broadleaved forest and bush, the evenness index of conifer forest and broadleaved forest,the dominance index of bare rock and farmland were higher than that in the other habitat types.

对5种不同生境类型的蝶类多样性进行分析，物种多样性指数最高的为落叶阔叶林和灌丛，均匀度指数最高的为针叶林和落叶阔叶林，优势度最高的为裸岩和农田。

Taking landscape pattern fractal model and Landsat TM/ETM images in 1995 and 2000 as the basic data,the spatialtemporal database of land use in Chongqing City was established; and using fractal model of landscape pattern,fractal dimension and stability index of landscape pattern,landscape diversity index,landscape apartness index,landscape fragmentation index,landscape evenness index and landscape dominance index were obtained.

采用1995和2000年Landsat TM/ETM影像为基础数据，提取并建立土地利用空间数据库，应用景观空间格局分形模型，获取景观类型的分形维数和稳定性指数以及景观多样性指数、分离度指数、破碎度指数、均匀度指数和优势度等指标。

The following is a list of topics to be covered: index number approach (fixed basket approach, test approach, economic approach, stochastic approach, and Divisia approach), chain index and chained index, hedonic price index, macroeconomic price index, stock market price index, inflation measurement, and economic growth rate measurement.

本课程的主要内容包括：指数方法（指数的固定篮子方法、指数的检验方法、指数的经济方法、指数的随机方法、指数的 Divisia 方法）、环比指数与链式指数、 Hedonic 价格指数、宏观经济价格指数、证券市场价格指数、通货膨胀测度、经济增长率测度。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

Under the consideration of the formlessness of strategic resources, author designed a measure index system for strategic performance, including customer index, internal business index, innovation and learning index, human resource index, financial index.

战略实施中最关键的问题是如何实现激励相容，也就是实现战略目标和短期经营目标、组织目标和个人目标的一致。

The metrics include patch density, largest patch index, edge density, area-weighted shape index distribution, area- weighted fractal index distribution, mean Euclidean nearest neighbor distance dlstributlon,standard deviation of Euclidean nearest neighbor distance distribution, coefficients of variation of Euclidean nearest neighbor distance distribution, contagion, interspersion and juxtaposition index, cohesion, Shannon's diversity index and Simpson's diversity index.

根据生态区划计算描述中国陆地景观结构的13种景观结构指数，包括斑块密度、最大斑块指数、边界密度、面积加权斑块形状指数、面积加权斑块分维度、平均最近斑块距离、最近斑块距离的标准差、最近斑块距离的相异系数、蔓延度、分布邻接指数、结合度、香农多样性指数、辛普森多样性指数。

Objective:To explore the feasibility of laparoscopy in diagnosing and treating of abdominal diseases.

目的：探讨腹腔镜用以诊断腹部外科疾病及选择治疗方案的可行性。

The lifetime of nylon 1010 and nylon 1010/POSS composites decreased with increasing temperature.

热重-红外联用分析表明尼龙1010在氮气气氛下的降解产物主要为小分子的低聚物，POSS并不改变尼龙1010降解产物的组成。