查询词典 independent

This thesis firstly analyzed related theories on independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises; secondly described the status quo and developing trend of independent innovation of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises in China; thirdly determined objectives and characteristics of independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, put forward three ways for independent innovation of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, they are direct way of wholly independent innovation, outflanking ways based on cooperation innovation and imitation innovation; fourthly made "structure-function" analysis for independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, clarify system operation mechanism; finally this thesis used the theory and method of System Dynamics modeling for independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises.

论文首先对民营科技企业自主创新系统相关理论进行研究；接着描述了我国民营科技企业自主创新现状与发展趋势；然后确定了民营科技企业自主创新系统的目标、特点，将民营科技企业自主创新的实现途径分为完全自主创新的直接途径和基于合作创新和模仿创新的迂回途径；并对民营科技企业自主创新系统行&结构-功能&分析，阐明民营科技企业自主创新系统的运行机理；最后应用系统动力学的理论和方法对民营科技企业自主创新系统进行建模。

Chapter Two illustrates the nature of the international guarantee.At first,the writer analyses the meaning of collateral nature and its theoretical basis.Thewriter points out that in order to reinforce the protection of the guarantor'sinterest,the guarantee is located as collateral guarantee in all countries'traditional legislation.In other words,the validity of the guarantee contract isdetermined by the underlying contract,i.e.if the underlying contract isestablished,the guarantee contract is established,too;if the underlying contract isvalid,and the guarantee contract is valid too.It is true,otherwise.But thedoctrine of autonomy of private law dominates the civil law and commercial lawin all the countries,so the parties are permitted to alter the collateral nature of theguarantee by an agreement under the related laws worldwide.so the collateralnature of the guarantee is not the compulsory nature of the law.This lays a solidfoundation for the emerging of the independent guarantee.The writer thenanalyses the meaning of independence and the cause of the booming of theindependent guarantee.In fact,the independent guarantee was originated fromthe change of the collateral nature by the parties contract.As a result,the validityof the contract of independent guarantee is not determined by the underlyingcontract as the collateral guarantee,But the validity of the independent guaranteecontract is independent from the underlying contract,the establishment and thevalidity of the contract of independent guarantee are not subjected to theunderlying contract.

第二章对国际信用担保的法律属性进行了论述，首先分析了从属性的含义及其理论基础，指出虽然各国传统立法为了加强对保证人利益的保护，都将信用担保定位于从属保证，即保证合同的效力取决于主合同的效力，主合同成立，保证合同也成立，主合同生效，保证合同也生效；主合同不成立，保证合同也不成立，主合同不生效，保证合同也不生效，但是由于私法自治的精神主导着各国的民商法领域，各国立法都允许当事人通过合同约定对信用担保的从属性进行改变，所以保证的从属性从来就不是信用担保制度的法律强制属性，这也为独立保证制度的出现奠定了制度前提；其次分析了独立性的含义以及独立保证兴起的原因，独立保证实际上就是当事人通过合同约定对保证从属性的改变，使独立保证合同的效力不再象从属保证合同的效力那样取决于主合同的效力，而是使独立保证合同的效力独立于主合同的效力，独立保证合同成立不因主合同的不成立而受影响，也不因主合同的无效而无效。

Fifth, the wind pipe used to produce galvanized sheet, according to the length of the specific plant design size, the length of a single standard is not up to more than 6 meters, more than the other part of the total; room spray outdoor air supply system independent * 2 sets, UV room independent outdoor air supply * 1 set of systems, electrostatic dust removal chamber independent outdoor air supply system * 2 sets of independent outdoor air supply system include three filters.

五、风管采用镀锌板制作，具体长度按厂房尺寸设计，标配长度单个最长不超过6米，超过部分另计；喷房室外独立送风系统*2套，UV室室外独立送风系统*1套，静电除尘室室外独立送风系统*2套，独立室外送风系统均包含三级过滤。

Independence" is the cornerstone and soul of the system of independent director But the Chinese companies listed on Chinese stock exchanges exist some unreasonable factors such as shareholder rights and so on This kind of independence is imperfect in reality This article analysed the main reasons that affect the independent nature of "independent director in Chinese companies listed on Chinese stock exchanges It puts forward that China should assure independent standards and perfect a mechanism of sele...

"独立性"是独立董事制度的"基石和灵魂"。但我国的上市公司由于股权结构不合理等因素，造成了这种独立性在实际中的缺位。本文以独立董事独立性的基本标准为研究起点，分析影响我国上市公司独立董事独立性的主要原因，提出了从确定独立性的标准为出发点，建立包括完善独立董事选拔机制以及合理的薪酬制度等措施来提高我国上市公司独立董事的独立性。

In the part of empirical analysis of Chinese IPO first-day return, the difference between existing study and this study is that we use principal components analysis to extract from five factors to construct investors'sentiment index, add it to controled varibles, on which we examine the influence of offering mechanism on IPO first-day return. Moreover, we gather statistics and compare the IPO holding return for lockup period between fixed-price-class offering method and bookbuilding-class offering method, as well as price range between Chinese A-share market and Hongkong stock market, which prvide comprehensive evidence to appraise Chinese IPO bookbuilding mechanism. 2. Compare to the existing literatures which consider discount or allocation, incentive allocation and discount are considered at the same time in optimal mechanism design in this dissertation, and the offering bottom price is introduced to the price range. We investigate the relationship between price range and allocation quantity, and obtain the optimal price range and allocation strategy so that the advantages of independent allocation are reflected. On the other hand, the disadvantages of independent allocation are reflected in the manipulation in case of no restriction on IPO allocation. To distinguish from the existing literatures, bookbuilding mechanism is introduced to the model. We study the allocation strategy adopted by the underwriter in the pooling equilibrium of manipulation. In addition, we analyze the incentive compatibility conditions to which the existence of pooling equilibrium should satisfy and examine some factors'impact on the existence of manipulation.3. In bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, Chinese realistic IPO background is considered and the condition of bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering is added. Divide bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering into sequential hybrid and simultaneous hybrid, and point out that the key points of subscription strategy in the two kinds of hybrid are different. Through modeling and simulation we obtain the impact of institutional investors'subscription strategy on bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, which fill the gap in related research. Moreover, in the part of IPO bookbuilding with over-allotment option, the pricing strategy is divided into hot-IPO strategy and weak-IPO strategy. Take into account the procedure of Chinese IPO with over-allotment option, it presents how the underwriter determines the pricing strategy and what effect it brings to offering price and issue size through modeling and simulation. Therefore, it is instructive as a complement to existing literatures.

此外，对我国A股市场询价发行方式与固定价格发行方式下的IPO锁定期到期时持有收益率、以及我国A股市场与香港市场的询价发行价格区间进行了统计比较，为评价我国IPO市场的询价发行提供了比较全面的依据。2、相比已有文献仅考虑折价和分配中的一种激励措施，本论文在有自主配售权下的机制设计中并用了分配与折价两种激励措施，并且在价格区间的制定中引入发行底价，考察了价格区间与分配量之间的关系，得到最优的价格区间和分配策略，从中体现自主分配权的优点；在有自主分配权下的操纵行为研究中则体现了自主配售权的弊端，与已有文献不同的是，在模型中引入了累计投标询价机制，研究了承销商在混同均衡操纵中采取的分配策略，并对操纵存在的条件进行分析讨论，得出各个因素对混同均衡操纵存在的影响。3、在无自主分配权下的询价发行中，充分考虑了我国实际应用的背景，加入了与固定价格发售混合的条件，并将询价与固定价格混合发行分为序贯与同步两种方式，指出机构投资者在两种情况下申购策略的侧重点各有不同，通过对序贯混合发行方式下的网下累计投标策略以及同步混合发行方式下的资金分配策略的模型建立和数值仿真，考察了机构投资者申购策略对无自主分配权下的询价发行的影响，填补了相关研究文献的空白；在包含超额配售选择权的询价发行中，将发行定价策略分为热销策略和弱销策略，在考虑了我国含超额配售选择权的发行流程下，通过建模以及数值仿真得出承销商会对发行定价策略作出怎样的选取，进而会对新股发行价格、发售数量产生怎样的影响，对目前相关研究的缺乏做出了有益的补充。

Independence" is the cornerstone and soul of the system of independent director But the Chinese companies listed on Chinese stock exchanges exist some unreasonable factors such as shareholder rights and so on This kind of independence is imperfect in reality This article analysed the main reasons that affect the independent nature of "independent director in Chinese companies listed on Chinese stock exchanges It puts forward that China should assure independent standards and perfect a mechanism of sele...

&独立性&是独立董事制度的&基石和灵魂&。但我国的上市公司由于股权结构不合理等因素，造成了这种独立性在实际中的缺位。本文以独立董事独立性的基本标准为研究起点，分析影响我国上市公司独立董事独立性的主要原因，提出了从确定独立性的标准为出发点，建立包括完善独立董事选拔机制以及合理的薪酬制度等措施来提高我国上市公司独立董事的独立性。

The results show:(1) the total explanatory of four main variables in HBM is 22% which achieves significant level;(2) the effect of HBM in health behavior has significant differences while different sources, research designs, types of behavior, ways of performance, and types of independent variables;(3) sources, research designs, types of behavior, types of dependent variables, and types of independent variables need to rely on the interactions with other variables to moderate effect sizes;(4) no matter what sources, research designs, types of behavior, ways of performance, and types of independent variables are, perceived barriers of taking action are the strongest variable.

结果显示：(1)健康信念模式四变项对健康行为之总解释力为22%，达到显著水准；(2)在不同的出处、研究设计、行为类型、行为表现类型及自变项种类时，健康信念模式对健康行为之总解释或预测效果有显著差异；(3)出处、研究设计、行为类型、行为表现类型及自变项种类等变项须透过与其他变项之交互作用来共同调节效果量的大小；(4)不论研究设计、行为类型、行为表现类型及自变项种类为何，自觉行动障碍都是健康行为最强之解释或预测因子。

This thesis mainly expatiates on the conception, legal characteristics and content of the independent director system, compares the characteristics of the independent director system and those of the board of supervisors, analyzes the actuality of the independent director system in China and provides some suggestions of perfection in order to bestead the perfection of the corporate governance structure in our country.

本文运用比较分析的方法，对英美独立董事制度和我国独立董事制度进行研究，重点阐述了独立董事的概念、法律特征、独立董事制度的内容，比较分析了独立董事制度和监事会制度的特点，对我国独立董事制度的现状进行分析和探讨，并提出完善建议，以期对完善我国公司治理结构有所裨益。

Events,Operation and Relation of Sets, Classical Probability, Geometrical Probability , Statistical Stability of a Frequency, Axioms of Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability Theorem, Bayes' Rule,Independent Events,Independent Repeated Trials, One Dimensional Random Variables, Discrete Random Variables, Distribution Function of a Random Variables , Continuous Random Variables, Normal Distribution, Distribution of a Function of a Random Variable, Multidimensional Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function, Marginal Distribution Function,Discrete Two—Dimensional Random Variables,Continuous Two—Dimensional Random Variables, Independent Random Variables, Distribution of Functions of Random Variables,Expectation,Variance, Covariance, Coefficient of Correlation, Bivariate Normal Distribution, Law of Large Numbers, The Central Limit Theorems, Sample and Population ,Chi—Squared, T and F Distributions , Sampling Distributions , Point Estimation , Interval Estimation , Testing Hypotheses , A Test of Significance for Parameters in a Single Sample From a Normally Distributed Population , A Test of Significance for Parameters in Two Sample From Normally Distributed Populations .

本课程的主要内容：概率的概念与运算、随机变量及其分布、随机变量的数字特征与极限定理、数理统计的基本概念、估计和检验的基本方法，随机事件与概率随机事件、事件的关系与运算、几何概率、统计概率等，条件概率、全概率公式、贝叶斯公式、事件的独立性、二项概率公式，随机变量的概念、离散型随机变量、随机变量的分布函数、连续型随机变量、随机变量函数的分布，多维随机变量及其分布函数、边缘分布函数、随机变量的独立性、二维随机变量函数的分布，数学期望、方差、协方差和相关系数、大数定律、中心极限定理，总体与样本， X 2-分布、 t-分布和 F-分布，统计量及抽样分布，假设检验的基本概念、单个正态总体参数的显著性检验、两个正态总体参数的显著性检验。

So candied princess know I must have an independent personality, independent thinking, and independent of the emotion.

所以，糖果公主懂得我必须有独立的人格、独立的思想、独立的情感。

In order to rescue Jedediah and Octavius, who have been shipped█ to the museum by mistake.

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We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.

我们有番茄、豆腐和鱼。