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By use of site mutation strategy and PCR technology, we obtained the gene P12X3C that includes full length PI, 2A, 3C and a part of 2B and 3B and the gene P12X3C3D that includes full length PI, 2A, 3C, 3D and a part of 2B and 3B. After being digested by restriction enzyme respectively, the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were cloned into the pcDNA3.1 and pTARGET expression vector that were digested by the same enzyme. Recombinant plasmids were checked by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid sequencing. Further more, recombinant plasmids were transfected into BHK-21 cells by using lipoid. The proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus, which were expressed in BHK-21 cells, were confirmed by sandwich-ELlSA and fluoroscopy, and the capsid of FMDV was tested by electron microscope. In order to evaluate enhanced immune response of guinea pigs against FMDV, DNA vaccines which were designed to produce viral capsids lacking infectious viral nucleic acid and contained the gene P12X3C and the gene P 12X3C3D were injected respectively with FMDV 3D protein which was expressed in Pichia Pastoris Secreted expression System and purified or with pcDNA3.1/lFN which includes the gene IFN-a of cattle. Subsequently, Recombinant plasmids were injected to catties with or without pcDNA3.1/IFN. Anti-FMDV antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the T lymphocyte proliferation response was tested by MTT assay, neutralization antibodies liters were analyzed by micro-neutralization assay.

为研制带有O型口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus，FMDV)China99株结构蛋白基因及多个非结构蛋白基因的DNA疫曲，本研究通过定点突变方法和PCR扩增方法，获得包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C和包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C、3D以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C3D，将获得的基因片段直接／酶切后与同样处理的真核表达质粒连接，分别得到重组质粒pcDNA3.1／P12X3C和pcDNA3.1／P12X3C3D、pTARGET／P12X3C3D；对重组质粒进行序列测定、分析，并将重组质粒分别转染BHK-21细胞，通过双抗体夹心ELISA方法和间接免疫荧光标记方法检测细胞中FMDV抗原的表达，用电子显微镜观察病毒空衣壳的组装；为评价重组质粒作为DNA疫苗对实验动物及本动物的免疫效果，将重组质粒经肌肉注射方法接种豚鼠，并与酵母表达的纯化FMDV China99株3D蛋白及带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1／IFN分别／同时免疫，第二次免疫后第三周豚鼠攻以100ID_(50)或1000ID_(50)的O型FMDV China99株：随后将质粒pcDNA3.1／P12X3C、pcDNA3.1／P12X3C3D与带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1／IFN同时免疫牛，三周后经牛舌皮攻以10~4ID_(50)的O型FMDV China99株。

This paper includes several parts: first, some important concepts of the thesis have been defined, a theoretical overview of currency crisis has been finished; then, we have described the history of the international monetary system; later, three chapes have been arranged to discuss the mechanism of currency crisis under fixed and floating and intermediate exchange rate system respectively. The part of the fixed exchange rate system mainly includes the analysis of the collapse of the international gold standard system, the Bretton Woods system and the the European Monetary System; in the part of the floating exchange rate system, the volatility problem under freely floating exchange rate system has been studied; the part of the intermediate exchange rate system mainly includes the analysis of currency crises in regional dollar standard system and the currency board system. And finally, we have analysed the inevitability of the appearance of new type regional monetary cooperation patterns, and how these cooperations avoid currency crises.

本文主要包括这样几部分：首先，对论文中涉及到的重要概念给予界定，并对货币危机理论进行系统梳理；接着，按时间顺序从总体上回忆国际货币制度的历史演进；然后，用三个章节分别研究了固定汇率制度、浮动汇率制度以及中间汇率制度下货币危机的形成机理，其中，固定汇率制度下的货币危机主要包括国际金本位制度和布雷顿森林体系的崩溃，以及欧洲货币体系的瓦解；浮动汇率制度下的货币危机，则重点分析了自由浮动汇率制度下汇率的过度波动问题；中间汇率制度下的货币危机，分别分析了区域美元本位及货币局制度下货币危机的发生机理；最后，分析了目前新型区域货币合作模式出现的必然性，及各模式下如何规避货币危机。

This includes tramways in small cities and towns. This includes modern ships and boats. This includes modern cars for every Indian. Indeed, the cars are already here.

这个一切包括小城镇的电车轨道；包括现代化的船艇；包括每一个印度人的现代化汽车。

In this Act, unless the context or subject-matter otherwise requires,-"Action" includes counterclaim and set-off;"Freight" includes the profit derivable by a shipowner from the employment of his ship to carry his own goods or movables, as well as freight payable by a third party, but does not include passage money;"Movables" means any movable tangible property, other than the ship, and includes money, valuable securities, and other documents;"Policy" means a marine Policy.

&动产&指除船舶之外的任何可移动的有形财产，包括货币、有价证券及其他单证。&保险单&指海上保险单。

In this Act, unless the context or subject-matter otherwise requires,"Action" includes counterclaim and set-off;"Freight" includes the profit derivable by a shipowner from the employment of his ship to carry his own goods or movables, as well as freight payab le by a third party, but does not include passage money;"Movables" means any movable tangible property, other than the ship, and includes money, valuable securities, and other documents;"Policy" means a marine Policy.

&动产&指除船舶之外的任何可移动的有形财产，包括货币，有价证券及其他单证。&保险单&指海上保险单。

The rotational spring includes a base member which is in the form of a ring and includes elements for fixedly attaching it to a body of an appliance, such as a power toothbrush, which includes a drive element such as a drive shaft portion of a motor.

一种旋转弹簧，包括形式为环件的底部件，并包括用于将其固定地连接到器具如电动牙刷的主体上的零件，该电动牙刷包括驱动件如电动机的驱动轴部分。

On the microscopic level, the "technique" strategy includes that of integrative understanding, of reading and writing with mutually aid in language teaching; of principle comprehension, of flexible application in mathematics teaching; of train of listening and speaking in English teaching; the "explanatory" strategy includes that of attitude-forming; of inter-person communication, of self-amusement and so on; the "emancipator" strategy includes that of transition and of creativity.

处于微观层面的有：&技术&地方的如语文教学的综合理解策略、读写互补策略；数学教学的原理领会策略、变通运用策略；英语教学的听说训练策略。&解释&地方的如引导态度的策略、人际交往的策略、宜情得乐策略。&解放&地方的如迁移的策略、创新的策略。9g6无忧研修网

On the microscopic level, the "technique" strategy includes that of integrative understanding, of reading and writing with mutually aid in language teaching; of principle comprehension, of flexible application in mathematics teaching; of train of listening and speaking in English teaching; the "explanatory" strategy includes that of attitude-forming; of inter-person communication, of self-amusement and so on; the "emancipator" strategy includes that of transition and of creativity.

处于微观层面的有：&技术&方面的如语文教学的综合理解策略、读写互补策略；数学教学的原理领会策略、变通运用策略；英语教学的听说训练策略。&解释&方面的如引导态度的策略、人际交往的策略、宜情得乐策略。&解放&方面的如迁移的策略、创新的策略。

The flame-retardant/smoke-suppressant of PVC may be divided into three kinds. The first is FRs , includes the compounds lying in IVB～VIB, such as TiO〓, V〓O〓, Cr〓O〓 and MoO〓; The second is FRs , includes the compounds lying in VⅡB～IB, such as MnO〓, Fe〓O〓, Co〓O〓, CuO and ZnO. The third is FRs , includes the compounds of subgroup A, for example Mg 〓, Al 〓, Sb〓O〓, carbonate and phosphate.

PVC的阻燃抑烟剂可分为三大类，第一类阻燃抑烟剂为元素周期表中IVB～VIB族的化合物，以TiO〓，V〓O〓，Cr〓O〓和MoO〓为代表，第二类阻燃抑烟剂为元素周期表中VⅡB～ⅡB族的化合物，以MnO〓，Fe〓O〓，Co〓O〓，CuO和ZnO为代表，第三类阻燃抑烟剂为三氧化二锑，氢氧化镁，氢氧化铝等主族元素的化合物。

The studentself"s factor includes: the obstacle of selfconsciousness and the negative cnaracter feature; the family factor includes: educational way, family formation, family income, parents" quality and the standard of education etc; the school factor includes: the teachers" influence, the classmates" function etc.

学生主体因素包括&自我知觉障碍&和&消极人格特征&；家庭因素包括家庭教养方式、家庭结构、家庭经济收入、父母的素养和受教育水平等；学校因素包括教师的影响、同伴的作用等。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。