查询词典 inbreeding

F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish containing"all-fish"transgene——pCAgcGHc was obtained respectively by inbreeding and gynogenesis. Positive rate of pCAgcGHc detected by PCR was 90％ in F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish produced by inbreeding, while most F〓 of transgenic allotetraploid fish produced by gynogenesis showed diploidy measured by flow cytometer. The results above imply that developing the pure line of transgenic allotetraploid fish through inbreeding is feasible, but the operation should be modified if gynogenesis is introduced.

采用近交和雌核发育方法培育出转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓代，通过PCR检测，外源基因pCAgcGHc在近交转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓中的整合率为90％，而流式细胞技术检测雌核发育转pCAgcGHc基因异源四倍体鲫鲤F〓的倍性多为二倍体，说明通过近交筛选转基因异源四倍体鲫鲤纯系的方法是可行的，但是通过雌核发育来筛选转基因异源四倍体鲫鲤纯系还要就方法上进一步的改进。

The costs of inbreeding When closely related individuals interbreed,'inbreeding' occurs ,which gives rise to inbreeding depression (which causes a reduction in offspring fitness) and increased genetic homozygosity (which reduces the possibility of evolutionary adaptation to a changing environment, and increases the possibility of extinction).

近交的代价当亲缘相近的个体进行亲繁殖时，"交近"就出现了。近交引起近交衰退和增加遗传纯合性(它降低了对于环境变化产生进化适应的可能性，而增加了灭绝的可能性)。

When closely related individuals interbreed, 'inbreeding' occurs ,which gives rise to inbreeding depression (which causes a reduction in offspring fitness) and increased genetic homozygosity which reduces the possibility of evolutionary adaptation to a changing environment, and increases

近交的代价当亲缘相近的个体进行亲繁殖时，"交近"就出现了。近交引起近交衰退和增加遗传纯合性（它降低了对于环境变化产生进化适应的可能性，而增加了灭绝的可能性）。许多物种具有防止或减少近交的机制。

When closely related individuals interbreed,'inbreeding' occurs ,which gives rise to inbreeding depression (which causes a reduction in offspring fitness) and increased genetic homozygosity (which reduces the possibility of evolutionary adaptation to a changing environment, and increases the possibility of extinction).

当亲缘相近的个体进行亲繁殖时，"交近"就出现了。近交引起近交衰退和增加遗传纯合性(它降低了对于环境变化产生进化适应的可能性，而增加了灭绝的可能性)。

The conversion boundary of self-incompatibility was researched by sowing by stage. Sunshine of day and temperature was studied critically by investigating leafage and researching traits indoors. The results showed that the daily minimum temperature was the principal factor of affinity conversion and the affinity conversion boundary was 16.5~18.1℃.HE97 was primarily regard as self-incompatible line in this research. The method was by inbreeding and sib HE97, Half the silk of HE97 and Zheng58. Inbreeding and cross have been done simultaneously. The extending condition of pollen tube was observed by dying the silk after pollinating 4 hours. The individuals with pollen tube were observed having seeds, while the individuals without pollen tube were observed having few seeds or no seeds. So this study regard HE97 as sporophytic self-incompatibility .The planting ration of female parent HE97 and male parent 87-1 was 4:1.The nature cross-pollination was studied by the theory of endosperm xenity, the study show that the setting percentage of HE97 was 625%, in which the seed in self was 70% and the seed in hybrid was 30%. This was consistent with the study of silk anatomy structure, then come to the same conclusion: compatible pollen germination and fertilization can stimulate the self-incompatible pollen germination and fertilization in the same corn cob.

通过分期播种，进行了光温敏自交不亲和材料HE97亲和性转换区间的研究，依据田间跟踪调查叶龄及室内考种研究了HE97亲和性转换区间的光温临界值，结果表明：1日最低温度是影响HE97自交不亲和性的主要原因，亲和性转换区间在16.5℃～18.1℃之间。2通过HE97自交和姊妹交以及将HE97与郑58作为双亲，各自的花丝一分为二，分别正反交，授粉后4个小时分别取其花丝进行固定、染色，观察花粉管的伸长情况，根据结实率与花粉管伸长的对应关系，结果发现观察到花粉管的对应植株收获到了种子，而没有观察到花粉管的对应植株结实率极低或没有结实，本研究把HE97初步划为孢子体自交不亲和类型。3以HE97为母本，87-1为父本，按4母：1父行比，通过花粉直感效应研究天然异交率，结果母本HE97结实良好(62%)，其中自交粒占70%，异交粒占30%，结合花丝切片观察表明，亲和花粉的萌发及受精会导致落在同一果穗柱头上不亲和花粉的萌发不再受抑制。

The analysis, led by Tim Berra, professor emeritus in the Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology at the Ohio State University in Mansfield, found that Darwin's kids did have "a moderate level of inbreeding" and in the family's children, there was "a significant positive association between child mortality and inbreeding."

分析工作由位于Mansfield的俄亥俄州立大学进化、生态和有机生物部门的荣誉退休教授Tim Berra主持，分析发现达尔文的孩子们的确受"中等程度近亲繁殖的影响"，并且在家族的儿童中"儿童死亡率和近亲繁殖有显著的、确定的联系。"

Choose vigorous and fertile strains for out-crossing. Since inbreeding is part of the strategy for setting a new strain and inbreeding often leads to reduced fertility and vigor, the fertility and vigor of the outcross strain is important.

必须选择具有活力及多产能力的鱼种来做异种杂交所需的鱼种，因为自交也是建立创造新品系鱼种的重要改鱼步骤之一，而且自交过程通常会导致鱼只生产能力及活力的降低。

Outcrossing, the second fundamental aspect of sex, is maintained by the advantage of masking mutations and the disadvantage of inbreeding which allows expression of recessive mutations (commonly observed as inbreeding depression).

有性生殖的第二个基本方面是异型杂交。异型杂交是通过掩蔽突变优势和近亲繁殖劣势来维持的。近亲繁殖允许隐性突变的表达。这与查尔斯·达尔文相一致。

By the contrast between common population and inbreeding population, we know that the sameness of them are they all take the population for the synthesis of panmixia and selfing or inbreeding.

通过普通群体与近亲交配群体的比较，群体在非平衡条件下，普通群体与近亲交配群体相同的是都把群体作为随机交配和自交或近亲交配两部分的合成群体。

The results showed that it would gain higher sustainable genetic respons and lower inbreeding rate when implementing BLUP selection in larger population. When the sire-dam ratio was too low, it would not only decrease the genetic response, but also increase the inbreeding rate. To gain higher genetic progress and acceptable inbreeding rate, it should keep enough large population size and feasible sire-dam ratio in practice.

结果表明，扩大育种群规模不仅可以获得更大的持续进展，同时还可有效缓解近交系数的过快上升；育种群中公畜比例过低时，不仅会降低遗传进展，群体近交系数的上升速度也会加快，实际中应保证育种群具有一定的规模和适宜的公母比例。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐